CrashCourse

Epizody

• 
  How and Why We Read: Crash Course English Literature #1 10.10.2026 8min

  In which John Green kicks off the Crash Course Literature mini-series with a reasonable set of questions. Why do we read? What's the point of reading critically. John will argue that reading is about effectively communicating with other people. Unlike direct communication though, the writer has to communicate with a stranger, through time and space, with only "dry dead words on a page." So how's that going to work? Find out with Crash Course Literature! Also, readers are empowered during the open letter, so that's pretty cool.Crash Course Literature 100 Reading List:Romeo and Juliet by William ShakespeareThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott FitzgeraldCatcher in the RyeComplete Poems of Emily DickinsonConsider supporting local bookstores by purchasing your books through our Bookshop affiliate link https://bookshop.org/shop/complexly or at your local bookseller.Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Religions and Pop Culture: Crash Course Religions #24 10.10.2026 16min

  Is Star Wars a religion? What about belief in UFOs or QAnon? In our final episode of Crash Course Religions, we’ll explore how religion shapes pop culture, and pop culture shapes religion right back.Introduction: Star Wars as Religion 00:00Religion & Pop Culture 2:02Representation 3:19The Rapture 4:27UFO Religions 5:15Jediism 6:19Hyperreal Religions 8:25Review & Credits 10:03https://docs.google.com/document/d/1IRPhziWfx72dIlGC1xIuEPWqb_uwnumdtYnmmsR4jto/edit?usp=sharing***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Spilmann Reed, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Forrest Langseth, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, Jack Hart, UwU, Elizabeth LaBelle, Leah H., David Fanska, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Samantha, Laurel Stevens, Kristina D Knight, Perry Joyce, Krystle Young, Scott Harrison, Toni Miles, Alan Bridgeman, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Jennifer Killen, Duncan W Moore IV, Jon Allen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Bernardo Garza, Pietro Gagliardi, Eric Koslow, Jason Rostoker, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Barrett Nuzum, Les Aker, Rizwan Kassim, ClareG, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, kelsey warren, Katie Dean, Emily T, Jason Buster, Joseph Ruf, Stephen McCandless, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Population Ecology: The Texas Mosquito Mystery - Crash Course Ecology #2 10.10.2026 16min

  Population ecology is the study of groups within a species that interact mostly with each other, and it examines how they live together in one geographic area to understand why these populations are different in one time and place than they are in another. How is that in any way useful to anyone ever? Hank uses the example of the West Nile virus outbreak in Texas to show you in this episode of Crash Course: Ecology. Table of Contents1) Density & Dispersion 02:032) Population Growth 03:073) Limiting Factors 03:45a) Density Dependent 06:16b) Density Independent 07:114) Exponential & Logistical Growth 08:045) How to Calculate Growth Rate 09:33References:http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-west-nile-virus-20120817,0,2506584.storyhttp://www.dshs.state.tx.us/idcu/disease/arboviral/westnile/information/general/myths/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquitohttp://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/population-limiting-factors-17059572Campbell Biology 9th ed. Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Crash Course Sex Ed Preview 10.10.2026 4min

  Welcome to Crash Course Sex Ed! Over the course of 15 episodes, sexologist Shan Boodram will introduce you to the surprising, fascinating, wildly diverse, utterly normal realm of human sexuality. This series will explore the many dimensions of sex—from your body, to your personal identity, to the society around you—so you have the facts you need to make the right choices for you.Course DescriptionIn 15 episodes, sexologist Shan Boodram will teach you the ins and outs of sexual health. This series will explore sexual anatomy; identity and attraction; how society shapes our understanding of sexuality; and how to have safer sex.By the end of this course, you will be able to:- Reflect on the ways society shapes our understanding of sex, sexuality, and bodily autonomy- Explain the functions of anatomy in terms of both reproduction and sexual response - Describe the differences between sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, and gender expression, and how our understanding of these aspects of identity continues to evolve - Think critically about how sexual consent is communicated- Describe how unintended pregnancy and STIs can be prevented- Explore how we identify ourselves and others as sexual beingsSources:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1d7cG1ZMhBTROD2ZiMGiDwFwklPJAFgtip1RPkYVNvkg/edit?usp=sharingFor more information on the topics in this episode, check out this resource from our partners at the Kinsey Institute (https://kinseyinstitute.org/): https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1mSu0MerCwVUmNpya61JVIE4Wdsdkrgbk***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Spilmann Reed, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Forrest Langseth, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, Jack Hart, UwU, Elizabeth LaBelle, Leah H., David Fanska, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Samantha, Laurel Stevens, Kristina D Knight, Perry Joyce, Krystle Young, Scott Harrison, Toni Miles, Alan Bridgeman, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Jennifer Killen, Duncan W Moore IV, Jon Allen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Bernardo Garza, Pietro Gagliardi, Eric Koslow, Jason Rostoker, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Barrett Nuzum, Les Aker, Rizwan Kassim, ClareG, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, kelsey warren, Katie Dean, Emily T, Jason Buster, Joseph Ruf, Stephen McCandless, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  What is sex?: Sex Ed #1 09.10.2026 13min

  What even is sex? In this episode of Crash Course Sex Ed, we’ll discover that variation is the name of the game when it comes to sexuality. People differ in how they have sex, why they have sex, and how they define what sex means.Introduction: What Counts as "Doing It"? 00:00Alfred Kinsey 0:57The Three-Layer Cake 2:34The Role of Culture 3:54Reasons for "Doing It" 5:48Why Does This Matter? 7:14Review & Credits 8:51Sources:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1d7cG1ZMhBTROD2ZiMGiDwFwklPJAFgtip1RPkYVNvkg/edit?usp=sharing For more information on the topics in this episode, check out this resource from our partners at the Kinsey Institute (https://kinseyinstitute.org ): https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1mSu0MerCwVUmNpya61JVIE4Wdsdkrgbk***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Duncan W Moore IV, Shruti S, Breanna Bosso, oranjeez, Kevin Knupp, Forrest Langseth, Ken Davidian, Spilmann Reed, Rie Ohta, Steve Segreto, Alan Bridgeman, Toni Miles, Krystle Young, UwU, Laurel Stevens, team dorsey, Matt Curls, Kristina D Knight, David Fanska, Barbara Pettersen, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Bernardo Garza, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Andrew Woods, Samantha, Jennifer Killen, Brandon Thomas, Stephen Akuffo, Leah H., Jon Allen, Jack Hart, Quinn Harden, Scott Harrison, Elizabeth LaBelle, Perry Joyce, Emily Beazley, Caleb Weeks, Constance Urist, Barrett Nuzum, Wai Jack Sin, Trevin Beattie, Alex Hackman, Katie Dean, Eric Koslow, ClareG, Ken Penttinen, Evol Hong, Stephen McCandless, Siobhán, Tandy Ratliff, Emily T, Joseph Ruf, Jason Rostoker, Les Aker, John Lee, Rizwan Kassim, Nathan Taylor, Triad Terrace, Pietro Gagliardi, Ian Dundore, Jason Buster, Indija-ka Siriwardena__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseBluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.socialCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Mercury: Crash Course Astronomy #13 09.10.2026 13min

  Mercury is the closest planet to the sun. It has no atmosphere and is, as such, covered in craters. It's also incredibly hot but, surprisingly, has water ice hiding beneath its surface.Check out the Crash Course Astronomy solar system poster here: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster--Chapters:Introduction: Mercury 00:00Mercury's Orbit 1:21Mercury's Rotation - 2:3 Orbit Ratio 2:45A Weird Day on Mercury 4:34Mercury's Craters 5:42Mercury's Internal Structure 7:00Deep Crater Water Ice on Mercury 8:39Review 9:33--PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudiosFollow Phil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomerCrash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids--PHOTOS/VIDEOSMercury relief in Olomouc: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mercury_relief_in_Olomouc.jpg [credit: Michal Maňas]Mercury: Phil PlaitMercury in color: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mercury_in_color_c1000_700_430.png [credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington]Earth Based View of Mercury: http://airandspace.si.edu/explore-and-learn/multimedia/detail.cfm?id=3726 [credit: Catalina Observatory]Caloris Basin: http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/image/1503/PIA19216MessengerCaloris.jpg [credit: NASA, Johns Hopkins Univ. APL, Arizona State U., CIW]MESSENGER photos:http://messenger.jhuapl.edu/gallery/sciencePhotos/pics/EW1010234404_500_web.jpghttp://messenger.jhuapl.edu/gallery/sciencePhotos/pics/EN0108830230M.jpghttp://messenger.jhuapl.edu/gallery/sciencePhotos/pics/EW0224377798G.nomap.png[credit: NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington]Mercury’s core: http://astrosun2.astro.cornell.edu/~jlm/out/Mercury/mercury_NSF_printsize.jpg [credit: Nicolle Rager Fuller, National Science Foundation]Mercury’s Ice Lockers: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=11184 [credit: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center/Massachusetts Institute of Technology/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Carnegie Institution of Washington]Mercury’s Tail: http://geeked.gsfc.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/Mercury_exosphere_600-full.jpg [credit: NASA] Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Tissues, Part 1: Crash Course Anatomy and Physiology #2 09.10.2026 13min

  In this episode of Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology, Hank gives you a brief history of histology and introduces you to the different types and functions of your body's tissues.Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App! Download it here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZoDownload it here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJChapters:Introduction 00:00Nervous, Muscle, Epithelial & Connective Tissues 1:23History of Histology 2:07Nervous Tissue Forms the Nervous System 5:17Muscle Tissue Facilitates All Your Movements 7:00Identifying Samples 9:03Review 9:48Credits 10:22Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  The History of Life on Earth - Crash Course Ecology #1 09.10.2026 17min

  With a solid understanding of biology on the small scale under our belts, it's time for the long view - for the next twelve weeks, we'll be learning how the living things that we've studied interact with and influence each other and their environments. Life is powerful, and in order to understand how living systems work, you first have to understand how they originated, developed, and diversified over the past 4.5 billion years of Earth's history. Hang on to your hats as Hank tells us the epic drama that is the history of life on Earth.Table of Contents1) Archaean & Proterozoic Eons 01:53a) Protobionts 03:54b) Prokaryotes 04:18c) Eukaryotes 06:062) Phanerozoic Eon 06:42a) Cambrian Explosion 06:49b) Ordovician Period 07:36c) Devonian Period 07:48d) Carboniferous Period 08:13e) Permian Period 09:10References:http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/08/100823113436.htmhttp://forces.si.edu/atmosphere/02_02_06.html Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  The Vulva and Vagina Explained: Sex Ed #2 09.10.2026 12min

  Do you know the difference between the vulva and vagina? In this episode of Crash Course Sex Ed, we shine a spotlight on the Vagina and Co., dispelling a long history of shame and mystery to actually understand our bodies.Introduction: Vulvas & Vaginas 00:00Shame & Stigma 0:30The Anatomy of the Vulva & Vagina 1:44What's Normal? 3:41The Vaginal Microbiome 6:23Review & Credits 8:39Sources:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1d7cG1ZMhBTROD2ZiMGiDwFwklPJAFgtip1RPkYVNvkg/edit?usp=sharingFor more information on the topics in this episode, check out this resource from our partners at the Kinsey Institute (https://kinseyinstitute.org): https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1mSu0MerCwVUmNpya61JVIE4WdsdkrgbkRead more about these topics here: Planned Parenthood - https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/health-and-wellness/sexual-and-reproductive-anatomy/what-are-parts-female-sexual-anatomy Cleveland Clinic - https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/22469-vagina Bedsider - https://www.bedsider.org/sexual-health-and-wellness/periods-and-vaginal-health ***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Spilmann Reed, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Forrest Langseth, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, Jack Hart, UwU, Elizabeth LaBelle, Leah H., David Fanska, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Samantha, Laurel Stevens, Kristina D Knight, Perry Joyce, Krystle Young, Scott Harrison, Toni Miles, Alan Bridgeman, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Jennifer Killen, Duncan W Moore IV, Jon Allen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Bernardo Garza, Pietro Gagliardi, Eric Koslow, Jason Rostoker, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Barrett Nuzum, Les Aker, Rizwan Kassim, ClareG, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, kelsey warren, Katie Dean, Emily T, Jason Buster, Joseph Ruf, Stephen McCandless, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Globalization I - The Upside: Crash Course World History #41 09.10.2026 16min

  In which John Green teaches you about globalization, a subject so epic, so, um, global, it requires two videos. In this video, John follows the surprisingly complex path of a t-shirt as it crisscrosses the world before coming to rest on your doorstep, and eventually in your dresser. The story of the t-shirt and its manufacture in far-flung places like China, Guatemala, and India is a microcosm of what's going on in the global economy. Globalization is a bit of a mixed bag, and there have definitely been winners and losers along the way. In this episode, John will talk about some of the benefits that have come along with it. Next week, he'll get into some of the less-positive side effects of globalization.Chapters:Introduction: Globalization 00:00Globalized Trade 0:55The Journey of a T-Shirt 1:51Government Regulation of Free Trade 3:11International vs Domestic Manufacturing and Consumption 4:00An Open Letter to Cookie Monster 5:06The Effects of Global Capitalism 5:50Migration & Globalized Culture 7:04Why We Study History 9:08Credits 11:18Thanks to Destin from Smarter Every Day for the cotton footage! http://www.youtube.com/destinws2Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  The Penis Explained: Sex Ed #3 09.10.2026 13min

  Are penises as big of a deal as we think they are? In this episode of Crash Course Sex Ed, we break down the history, myths, and assumptions we’ve made about penises, from the “right” size to circumcision, and from erections to blue balls. Introduction: Penises as Symbols 00:00The Cultural History of Penises 0:34The Anatomy of the Penis 2:41Erections, Fractures, & Blue Balls 3:47What's Normal? 6:03Circumcision 7:59Review & Credits 9:21Sources:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1d7cG1ZMhBTROD2ZiMGiDwFwklPJAFgtip1RPkYVNvkg/edit?usp=sharingFor more information on the topics in this episode, check out this resource from our partners at the Kinsey Institute (https://kinseyinstitute.org/): https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1mSu0MerCwVUmNpya61JVIE4WdsdkrgbkRead more about these topics here: Planned Parenthood - https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/health-and-wellness/sexual-and-reproductive-anatomy/what-are-parts-male-sexual-anatomy Cleveland Clinic - https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/9117-male-reproductive-system ***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Shruti S, Quinn Harden, Spilmann Reed, Brandon Thomas, Emily Beazley, Forrest Langseth, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, Jack Hart, UwU, Elizabeth LaBelle, Leah H., David Fanska, Andrew Woods, Kevin Knupp, Barbara Pettersen, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Steve Segreto, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Samantha, Laurel Stevens, Kristina D Knight, Perry Joyce, Krystle Young, Scott Harrison, Toni Miles, Alan Bridgeman, Breanna Bosso, Matt Curls, Jennifer Killen, Duncan W Moore IV, Jon Allen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Bernardo Garza, Pietro Gagliardi, Eric Koslow, Jason Rostoker, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Barrett Nuzum, Les Aker, Rizwan Kassim, ClareG, Constance Urist, Alex Hackman, kelsey warren, Katie Dean, Emily T, Jason Buster, Joseph Ruf, Stephen McCandless, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Caleb Weeks__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Black Americans in the Civil War: Crash Course Black American History #18 09.10.2026 18min

  The American Civil War is one of the deadliest in US History, and let's just get this out of the way: it was about slavery. In the more than 150 years since the end of the Civil War, there have been many attempts to litigate the reasons for the war, but the reality is that the root of the division was slavery. As such, Black Americans experience in that war is particularly interesting. Today, we'll learn about how Black people fought and participated in the war, the Emancipation Proclamation, and lots more.Clint's book, How the Word is Passed is available now! https://bookshop.org/a/3859/9780316492935Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App! Download here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZoDownload here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJSources and References-Deborah Gray White, Mia Bay, and Waldo E. Martin, Freedom on My Mind : A History of African Americans, with Documents Second edition. (Boston: Bedford/St. Martins, 2017)-Kevin Levin, Searching for Black Confederates: The Civil War’s Most Persistent Myth (UNC Press, 2019).-Ira Berlin et. al., Slaves No More: Three Essays on Emancipation and the Civil War (Cambridge University Press, 1992).Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Shannon McCone, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Brian Zachariah, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Oscar Pinto-Reyes, Erin Nicole, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel A Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Jaime Willis, Krystle Young, Michael Dowling, Alexis B, Rene Duedam, Burt Humburg, Aziz, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Alan Bridgeman, Rachel Creager, Jennifer Smith, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Jennifer Dineen, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Jason Rostoker, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, ThatAmericanClare, Rizwan Kassim, Sam Ferguson, Alex Hackman, Eric Prestemon, Jirat, Katie Dean, TheDaemonCatJr, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Matthew, Justin, Jessica Wode, Mark, Caleb Weeks__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseTumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourseCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids#crashcourse #blackhistory #civilwar Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Ecology - Rules for Living on Earth: Crash Course Biology #40 09.10.2026 13min

  Hank introduces us to ecology - the study of the rules of engagement for all of us earthlings - which seeks to explain why the world looks and acts the way it does. The world is crammed with things, both animate and not, that have been interacting with each other all the time, every day, since life on this planet began, and these interactions depend mostly on just two things... Learn what they are as Crash Course Biology takes its final voyage outside the body and into the entire world. Can't wait to learn more about ecology? Good news! Crash Course Ecology has 12 episodes you can watch right here:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P3wP8v84uqs&list=PL8dPuuaLjXtNdTKZkV_GiIYXpV9w4WxbXTable of Contents1) Ecological Hierarchy 02:01:2a) Population 02:12b) Community 02:26:1c) Ecosystem 02:50d) Biome 03:22:1e) Biosphere 03:512) Key Ecological Factors 04:07a) Temperature 05:06:1b) Water 05:373) Biome Type 06:03:1Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Crossed Aldol Reactions, Enones, and Conjugate Addition: Crash Course Organic Chemistry #45 09.10.2026 17min

  Insects can communicate with each other about all kinds of things, but instead of using words, they use… you guessed it! Organic Chemistry! Insects can send signals to each other by secreting compounds, and one such compound used by termites contains the functional group we’re going to learn all about in this episode: enones! In this episode of Crash Course Organic Chemistry, we’ll learn about crossed aldol reactions, the formation of kinetic and thermodynamic enolates, hard and soft nucleophiles, conjugate addition, and of course, enones!Series Penicillin References:Nicolaou, K. C., & Sorensen, E. J. (1996). Classics in total synthesis: targets, strategies, methods. John Wiley & Sons.Sheehan, J. C. (1982). The enchanted ring: the untold story of penicillin.Primary literature for Sheehan’s penicillin synthesis: Sheehan, J.C. & Izzo, P.T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 1985; Sheehan, J.C. & Izzo, P.T. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 4059; Sheehan, J.C. & Bose A.K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 5158; Sheehan, J.C., Buhle, E.L, Corey E.J., Laubach, G.D. & Ryan J.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 3828; Sheehan, J.C. & Laubach, G.D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 4376; Sheehan, J.C. & Hoff, D.R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 237; Sheehan, J.C. & Corey E.J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 4756Series Sources:Brown, W. H., Iverson, B. L., Ansyln, E. V., Foote, C., Organic Chemistry; 8th ed.; Cengage Learning, Boston, 2018.Bruice, P. Y., Organic Chemistry, 7th ed.; Pearson Education, Inc., United States, 2014.Clayden, J., Greeves, N., Warren., S., Organic Chemistry, 2nd ed.; Oxford University Press, New York, 2012.Jones Jr., M.; Fleming, S. A., Organic Chemistry, 5th ed.; W. W. Norton & Company, New York, 2014. Klein., D., Organic Chemistry; 1st ed.; John Wiley & Sons, United States, 2012.Louden M., Organic Chemistry; 5th ed.; Roberts and Company Publishers, Colorado, 2009.McMurry, J., Organic Chemistry, 9th ed.; Cengage Learning, Boston, 2016.Smith, J. G., Organic chemistry; 6th ed.; McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2020.Wade., L. G., Organic Chemistry; 8th ed.; Pearson Education, Inc., United States, 2013.***Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App! Download here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZoDownload here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJCrash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Dave Freeman, Hasan Jamal, DL Singfield, Lisa Owen, Jeremy Mysliwiec, Shannon McCone, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Erin Switzer, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Stacey Gillespie (Stacey J), Jaime Willis, Alexis B, Burt Humburg, Aziz Y, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Rachel Creager, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Jennifer Dineen, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Jason Rostoker, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Les Aker, William McGraw, ThatAmericanClare, Rizwan Kassim, Sam Ferguson, Alex Hackman, Jirat, Katie Dean, Avi Yashchin, NileMatotle, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Justin, Mark, Caleb Weeks__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseTumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourseCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  What is gender identity?: Sex Ed #4 09.10.2026 15min

  What does it mean to transition? In this episode of Crash Course Sex Ed, we’ll uncover the differences between sex and gender, and explore what it looks like when the gender assigned to a person doesn’t match who they really are.Introduction: Being Transgender 00:00Sexual Development 0:36Gender Identity 2:54Gender Norms 4:36Transition & Trans Healthcare 6:07Transness Today 9:23Review & Credits 10:07Sources:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1d7cG1ZMhBTROD2ZiMGiDwFwklPJAFgtip1RPkYVNvkg/edit?usp=sharingFor more information on the topics in this episode, check out this resource from our partners at the Kinsey Institute (https://kinseyinstitute.org/): https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1mSu0MerCwVUmNpya61JVIE4WdsdkrgbkRead more about these topics here: A resource for learning more about gender identity (Planned Parenthood) - https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/gender-identity A resource for learning more about what "intersex" means (Cleveland Clinic) - https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/16324-intersex***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Duncan W Moore IV, Shruti S, Breanna Bosso, oranjeez, Kevin Knupp, Forrest Langseth, Ken Davidian, Spilmann Reed, Rie Ohta, Steve Segreto, Alan Bridgeman, Toni Miles, Krystle Young, UwU, Laurel Stevens, team dorsey, Matt Curls, Kristina D Knight, David Fanska, Barbara Pettersen, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Bernardo Garza, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Andrew Woods, Samantha, Jennifer Killen, Brandon Thomas, Stephen Akuffo, Leah H., Jon Allen, Jack Hart, Quinn Harden, Scott Harrison, Elizabeth LaBelle, Perry Joyce, Emily Beazley, Caleb Weeks, Constance Urist, Barrett Nuzum, Wai Jack Sin, Trevin Beattie, Alex Hackman, Katie Dean, Eric Koslow, ClareG, Ken Penttinen, Evol Hong, Stephen McCandless, Siobhán, Tandy Ratliff, Emily T, Joseph Ruf, Jason Rostoker, Les Aker, John Lee, Rizwan Kassim, Nathan Taylor, Triad Terrace, Pietro Gagliardi, Ian Dundore, Jason Buster, Indija-ka Siriwardena__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseBluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.socialCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Decolonization and Nationalism Triumphant: Crash Course World History #40 09.10.2026 17min

  In which John Green teaches you about the post-World War II breakup of most of the European empires. As you'll remember from previous installments of Crash Course, Europeans spent several centuries sailing around the world creating empires, despite the fact that most of the places they conquered were perfectly happy to carry on alone. After World War II, most of these empires collapsed. This is the story of those collapses. In most places, the end of empire was not orderly, and violence often ensued. While India was a (sort of) shining example of non-violent change, in places like The Congo, Egypt, Rwanda, Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos, things didn't go smoothly at all. John brings you all this, plus pictures of Sea Monkeys. Sadly, they don't look anything like those awesome commercials in the comic books.Chapters:Introduction: Decolonization 00:00What Happens When Empires Fall? 0:33Post-WWII Decolonization 2:24Decolonization in India 3:14Mohandas K. Gandhi 3:47An Open Letter to Hunger Strikers 5:43Indonesian Nationalism 6:40The End of Colonization in French Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia) 7:51Gamal Abdul Nasser and Egyptian Nationalism 8:35Decolonization in Central and Southern Africa 9:16Credits 12:10Resources: The Columbia History of the 20th Century https://bit.ly/3xrdpZ9Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Unpacking Sexual Orientation: Sex Ed #5 09.10.2026 13min

  Why do we like who we like? In this episode of Crash Course Sex Ed, we explore the many facets and variations of sexual orientation, and trace the history of homosexuality to the modern day LGBTQIA+ community. Introduction: My First Crush 00:00Sexual Orientation 0:41The History of Sexual Orientation 2:02Dr. Anonymous 2:59Homosexuality & Genetics 4:42Homosexuality & Evolution 5:42The LGBTQIA+ Community 6:39Review & Credits 8:59Sources:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1d7cG1ZMhBTROD2ZiMGiDwFwklPJAFgtip1RPkYVNvkg/edit?usp=sharingFor more information on the topics in this episode, check out this resource from our partners at the Kinsey Institute (https://kinseyinstitute.org/): https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1mSu0MerCwVUmNpya61JVIE4WdsdkrgbkRead more about these topics here: Planned Parenthood - https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/sexual-orientation Cleveland Clinic - https://health.clevelandclinic.org/types-of-sexual-orientation Bedsider - https://www.bedsider.org/features/2488-questioning-your-sexuality-here-are-some-things-to-keep-in-mind ***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Duncan W Moore IV, Shruti S, Breanna Bosso, oranjeez, Kevin Knupp, Forrest Langseth, Ken Davidian, Spilmann Reed, Rie Ohta, Steve Segreto, Alan Bridgeman, Toni Miles, Krystle Young, UwU, Laurel Stevens, team dorsey, Matt Curls, Kristina D Knight, David Fanska, Barbara Pettersen, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Bernardo Garza, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Andrew Woods, Samantha, Jennifer Killen, Brandon Thomas, Stephen Akuffo, Leah H., Jon Allen, Jack Hart, Quinn Harden, Scott Harrison, Elizabeth LaBelle, Perry Joyce, Emily Beazley, Caleb Weeks, Constance Urist, Barrett Nuzum, Wai Jack Sin, Trevin Beattie, Alex Hackman, Katie Dean, Eric Koslow, ClareG, Ken Penttinen, Evol Hong, Stephen McCandless, Siobhán, Tandy Ratliff, Emily T, Joseph Ruf, Jason Rostoker, Les Aker, John Lee, Rizwan Kassim, Nathan Taylor, Triad Terrace, Pietro Gagliardi, Ian Dundore, Jason Buster, Indija-ka Siriwardena__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseBluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.socialCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Fungi: Death Becomes Them - CrashCourse Biology #39 09.10.2026 16min

  Death is what fungi are all about. By feasting on the deceased remains of almost all organisms on the planet, converting the organic matter back into soil from which new life will spring, they perform perhaps the most vital function in the global food web. Fungi, which thrive on death, make all life possible.Table of Contents1) Biolography 02:072) Structure 04:533) The Decomposers 06:104) The Mutualists 06:385) The Predators 07:236) The Parasites 07:357) Reproduction 08:24References http://www.pearsonhighered.com/campbell/ http://www.oup.com/us/catalog/general/subject/Reference/Subjectareareference/?view=usa&ci=9780195367133http://aftol.org/index.phphttp://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fungi/fungi.htmlhttp://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=strange-but-true-largest-organism-is-fungushttp://live.psu.edu/story/59556http://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2012/01/24/145731952/your-brain-on-psilocybin-might-be-less-depressedCrash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Sympathetic Nervous System: Crash Course Anatomy and Physiology #14 09.10.2026 13min

  Hank tries not to stress you out too much as he delves into the functions and terminology of your sympathetic nervous system.Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App! Download it here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZoDownload it here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJChapters:Introduction: Physiology of Stress 00:00How Signals Travel to Effectors 1:48Hormones & Neurotransmitters Communicate Stress 2:15Preganglionic Fibers Release Acetylcholine (ACh) 3:42Postganglionic Fibers Release Norepinephrine 4:34Adrenal Glands Release Norepinephrine and Epinephrine as Hormones 5:10Neurotransmitters vs. Hormones 6:01How Norepinephrine Works: Alpha and Beta Receptors 6:29Review 9:29Credits 10:18***Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Mark Brouwer, Simun Niclasen, Brad Wardell, Roger C. Rocha, Jan Schmid, Elliot Beter, Nevin Spoljaric, Sandra Aft, SR Foxley, Jessica Simmons, Stefan R. Finnerup, Jason A Saslow, Robert Kunz, Jessica Wode, Mike Drew, Steve Marshall, Anna-Ester Volozh, Christian Ludvigsen, Jeffrey Thompson, James Craver, Pankaj Gurung, Kelley Culp, Joshua McKee, Amory Olson: Kasson-Mantorville High School Science Instructor, Jack Thakar, Arrow Worthy, Magnus "Krox" Krokstad, Rachel Lee, Brian J. Rolf, Sylien--Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Is virginity real?: Sex Ed #6 09.10.2026 13min

  Is virginity really a thing? In this episode of Crash Course Sex Ed, we’ll bust virginity myths and learn why women have traditionally faced stronger pressure to remain virgins. We’ll explore the ways social scripts guide what we think about sex—but aren’t the final word on how we live our lives.Introduction: Like a Virgin 00:00The History of Virginity 0:59The Hymen 2:17Culture & Sexual Scripts 4:10Impacts of Sexual Scripts 5:43Write Your Own Story 8:17Review & Credits 8:57Sources:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1d7cG1ZMhBTROD2ZiMGiDwFwklPJAFgtip1RPkYVNvkg/edit?usp=sharingFor more information on the topics in this episode, check out this resource from our partners at the Kinsey Institute (https://kinseyinstitute.org/): https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1mSu0MerCwVUmNpya61JVIE4WdsdkrgbkRead more about these topics here: Planned Parenthood - https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/teens/sex/virginity Cleveland Clinic - https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/22718-hymen Bedsider - https://www.bedsider.org/features/962-5-myths-about-virginity-busted ***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Duncan W Moore IV, Shruti S, Breanna Bosso, oranjeez, Kevin Knupp, Forrest Langseth, Ken Davidian, Spilmann Reed, Rie Ohta, Steve Segreto, Alan Bridgeman, Toni Miles, Krystle Young, UwU, Laurel Stevens, team dorsey, Matt Curls, Kristina D Knight, David Fanska, Barbara Pettersen, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Bernardo Garza, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Andrew Woods, Samantha, Jennifer Killen, Brandon Thomas, Stephen Akuffo, Leah H., Jon Allen, Jack Hart, Quinn Harden, Scott Harrison, Elizabeth LaBelle, Perry Joyce, Emily Beazley, Caleb Weeks, Constance Urist, Barrett Nuzum, Wai Jack Sin, Trevin Beattie, Alex Hackman, Katie Dean, Eric Koslow, ClareG, Ken Penttinen, Evol Hong, Stephen McCandless, Siobhán, Tandy Ratliff, Emily T, Joseph Ruf, Jason Rostoker, Les Aker, John Lee, Rizwan Kassim, Nathan Taylor, Triad Terrace, Pietro Gagliardi, Ian Dundore, Jason Buster, Indija-ka Siriwardena__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseBluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.socialCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices