The Story of Madagascar: Isolation, Kingdoms, and Colonial Rule — Fexingo History

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  The Great Drought That Crumbled the Merina Kingdom 13.10.2026 8Min.

  In 1849, Queen Ranavalona I faced a crisis that no amount of royal authority could solve. A catastrophic drought struck Madagascar, turning the fertile highlands of Imerina into dust and triggering widespread famine. This episode explores how the Ny Lada, as locals called the hunger, exposed the fragility of the Merina state’s centralized control. We look at the specific policies the court enacted to manage resources, the social unrest that erupted in the provinces, and how the monarchy’s rigid adherence to tradition clashed with the desperate needs of its people. Through the lens of this environmental disaster, we see the human cost of isolationism and the beginning of cracks in a kingdom that had ruled with an iron fist for decades. It is a story of resilience, failure, and the moment the divine right of kings met the unforgiving reality of nature. #MadagascarHistory #MerinaKingdom #RanavalonaI #NyLadaFamine #MalagasyCulture #EastAfricanHistory #ColonialPrehistory #IsolationistPolicy #ClimateHistory #AgriculturalCrisis #ImerinaHighlands #FanompoanaLabor #RoyalDecrees #SocialUnrest #19thCenturyAfrica #IndigenousGovernance #FoodSecurity #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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  The Great Drought and the Merina Collapse 12.10.2026 9Min.

  In 1897, just months after France annexed Madagascar, a catastrophic drought known locally as ny lafo began to sweep across the central highlands. This episode explores how this environmental disaster interacted with the political vacuum left by the exile of Queen Ranavalona III and the dissolution of the Merina monarchy. We examine the specific failures of the colonial administration in Antananarivo to provide relief, the resulting famine that killed tens of thousands, and the subsequent rebellions in Menabe and Boina that were fueled by hunger and resentment. Through letters from French officers and oral histories from the Zafimaniry communities, we piece together how an ecological crisis became the final nail in the coffin of Malagasy sovereignty, transforming a conquered island into a struggling colony defined by scarcity. #MadagascarHistory #MerinaKingdom #RanavalonaIII #FrenchColonialism #NyLadoDrought #Antananarivo #Ambohimanga #Menabe #Boina #Zafimaniry #MalagasyResistance #EastAfricaHistory #ColonialFamine #IndianOceanTrade #Tsimihety #Sakalava #FexingoHistory #HistoryPodcast Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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  The Tsingy Fortresses: Madagascar’s Stone Labyrinth 11.10.2026 5Min.

  Episode 257 turns away from the political maneuvering of Antananarivo and the maritime trade of the Sakalava to explore one of Earth’s most bizarre landscapes: the Tsingy de Bemaraha. We trace how this jagged limestone karst, known locally as tsingy meaning 'where one cannot walk barefoot,' became a natural fortress for the Menabe kingdom under King Ratsimilaho. Lucas and Luna discuss the geological violence that created these needle-like pinnacles, the strategic military advantage they offered against Merina expansion, and the enduring cultural legend that spirits inhabit the stone forests. This episode examines the intersection of geology, warfare, and folklore in western Madagascar. #TsingyDeBemarah #MadagascarGeology #MenabeKingdom #Ratsimilaho #SakalavaHistory #LimestoneKarst #EastAfricaHistory #ColonialMadagascar #MalagasyFolklore #StoneFortress #BemarahaForest #MerinaExpansion #IslandBiogeography #MadagascarCulture #HistoricalWarfare #NatureFortification #FexingoHistory #HistoryPodcast Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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  Lemur Extinction: Humans and Megafauna in Madagascar 10.10.2026 7Min.

  For decades, historians viewed the colonization of Madagascar as a peaceful arrival of Austronesian seafarers who encountered empty islands. But new archaeological evidence from sites like Anjohibe tells a different story—one of sudden ecological collapse. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore how human arrival coincided with the extinction of giant lemurs, elephant birds, and hippopotamuses. We examine the debate between climate change and human hunting, looking at carbonized wood, cut marks on bones, and the fragile ecosystem that once thrived. This isn't just about lost animals; it’s about the moment humanity became an active force in shaping global biodiversity, starting on one of the world’s most isolated islands. #MadagascarHistory #MegafaunaExtinction #LemurEvolution #AustronesianMigration #AnjohibeCave #AepyornisMaximus #Megaladapis #HumanImpact #Paleoecology #EastAfricaHistory #IslandBiogeography #HoloceneEpoch #ColonizationDebate #BoneAnalysis #FexingoHistory #EnvironmentalHistory #AncientEcosystems #HistoryPodcast Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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  The Slave Revolts That Shattered Merina Power 09.10.2026 8Min.

  While the Merina Kingdom under Radama I and Ranavalona I is often remembered for its military reforms and iron curtain of isolation, a quieter, more violent revolution was brewing in the highlands: the rise of the Andevo, or slaves. This episode explores how the Merina expansionist wars created a massive class of war captives who were not just laborers but the engine of the kingdom’s economy and army. We look at the specific policies that bound these people to their masters, the growing tensions that led to secret networks of resistance, and the pivotal slave revolts of the 1840s and 50s that fractured the state from within. By examining the lives of figures like the rebel leader Ratsimba and the complex social dynamics of Antananarivo’s markets, we see how slavery wasn't just an economic byproduct of conquest, but a destabilizing force that ultimately weakened the Merina crown long before French colonial troops arrived. #MadagascarHistory #MerinaKingdom #AndevoSlavery #RadamaI #RanavalonaI #Antananarivo #HighlandsOfMadagascar #SlaveRevolts #MalagasyCulture #ColonialPrehistory #EastAfricanHistory #IslandKingdoms #SocialUnrest #WarCaptives #FanompoanaLabor #RatsimbaRebellion #FexingoHistory #HistoryPodcast Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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  Lemur Extinction and Human Arrival in Madagascar 08.10.2026 7Min.

  While previous episodes explored the political maneuvering of Merina kings and the complex diplomacy that kept Madagascar independent during the Scramble for Africa, this episode turns to a deeper, quieter tragedy: the extinction of the island’s megafauna. We examine how human arrival around 2000 BCE triggered a cascade of ecological collapse, wiping out giants like the elephant bird and giant lemurs. Lucas traces the archaeological evidence from sites like Anjohibe, revealing how early settlers hunted these creatures for protein while simultaneously burning forests for cattle pastures. Luna helps unpack the scientific debate between climate change versus human impact, exploring the concept of 'overkill' and the cultural memory preserved in Malagasy oral traditions about these lost beasts. This is a story of isolation broken, ecosystems rewritten, and the heavy price of settlement on an evolutionary paradise. #MadagascarHistory #MegafaunaExtinction #ElephantBird #GiantLemur #HumanImpactEcology #AnjohibeCave #HoloceneEpoch #MalagasySettlement #ArchaeologyMadagascar #Paleontology #IslandBiogeography #ClimateChangeHistory #EastAfricaHistory #EnvironmentalHistory #PrecolonialMadagascar #EvolutionaryBiology #FexingoHistory #HistoryPodcast Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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  The Great Fire of Antananarivo: A City Rebuilt 07.10.2026 8Min.

  In this episode, we explore the catastrophic fire that swept through Antananarivo in 1869, a disaster that reshaped not just the city's skyline but its social fabric. Lucas and Luna discuss how Queen Ranavalona II and Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony responded to the destruction of thousands of homes and the Royal Palace complex. We look at the architectural shift from traditional wood and bamboo to stone and brick, driven by both necessity and colonial pressure. The conversation examines the role of missionary influence in rebuilding efforts, the economic strain on the Merina people, and how this event accelerated Madagascar’s integration into global trade networks. You will hear about specific neighborhoods like Ambod Manjakamiadana, the involvement of British architect James Cameron, and the political maneuvering that allowed Rainilaiarivony to consolidate power amidst chaos. This is a story of resilience, adaptation, and the complex interplay between tradition and modernity in late 19th-century Madagascar. #Antananarivo #MadagascarHistory #RanavalonaII #Rainilaiarivony #GreatFire1869 #MerinaKingdom #EastAfricanHistory #ColonialMadagascar #JamesCameron #UrbanPlanning #ArchitecturalHistory #MalagasyCulture #Imerina #StoneArchitecture #MissionaryImpact #19thCenturyAfrica #FexingoHistory #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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  Ratsimilaho and the Rise of Menabe 06.10.2026 7Min.

  This episode shifts focus from the Merina highlands to the western coast, exploring the founding of the Sakalava Kingdom of Menabe by Ratsimilaho in the late sixteenth century. We examine how a figure of mixed Arab-Malagasy heritage navigated the complex trade networks of the Mozambique Channel to establish a powerful state centered on the Boina River. The narrative details his strategic marriages with local Vazimba women, his adoption of Islamic governance structures while retaining indigenous spiritual practices, and the resulting economic boom driven by cattle and slave trades. Luna and Lucas discuss the unique political structure of Menabe, the role of the ombiasy priests in legitimizing royal authority, and how this kingdom resisted early European contact longer than its neighbors. Through specific accounts of Ratsimilaho’s death and the succession crises that followed, we uncover the fragile balance of power that defined Madagascar’s western frontier before the Merina expansion. #Ratsimilaho #Menabe #Sakalava #Boina #MalagasyHistory #EastAfrica #MozambiqueChannel #Vazimba #Ombiasy #Zanj #SwahiliTrade #ColonialResistance #AfricanKingdoms #IndianOceanTrade #FexingoHistory #History #Podcast #Documentary Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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  Malagasy Resistance: The Sakalava Kingdoms Fight Back 05.10.2026 7Min.

  While earlier episodes focused on the Merina heartland and the coastal slave trade, this episode turns to the western coast of Madagascar. We explore how the Sakalava kingdoms, particularly in Boina and Menabe, maintained their independence through strategic marriage alliances and naval power. Lucas and Luna discuss the reign of Queen Ratsimilaho, who unified rival factions by marrying into powerful lineages, and the subsequent resistance against Merina expansion under Radama I. We examine the concept of the 'Saffron Truce' not just as diplomacy, but as a military stalemate where Sakalava warriors used the rugged terrain and their control of the Tsongy forest to halt Merina advances. This story highlights the diverse political landscape of pre-colonial Madagascar, showing that isolation was not uniform and that coastal powers had their own sophisticated methods of statecraft and defense. #History #FexingoHistory #Madagascar #Sakalava #MerinaKingdom #BoinaKingdom #MenabeKingdom #Ratsimilaho #RadamaI #RanavalonaI #TsingyForest #MalagasyHistory #PreColonialAfrica #IndianOceanTrade #AfricanMonarchies #MilitaryHistory #EastAfricanHistory #ColonialResistance Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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  The Vazimba: Madagascar's First Kings and Lost Kingdoms 04.10.2026 9Min.

  Episode 250 revisits the mysterious Vazimba, the indigenous rulers of central Madagascar whose legacy predates the Merina Empire. While earlier episodes covered Radama I’s military conquests and Ranavalona III’s exile, this episode explores the cultural and political void left by the Vazimba’s displacement. We examine archaeological evidence from sites like Ambohimanga and the oral histories preserved by Ombiasy priests, who still invoke Vazimba spirits in rituals. Lucas and Luna discuss how Andrianampoinimerina legitimized his rule by marrying into Vazimba lineages and absorbing their sacred sampy idols. The conversation also touches on the Zafimaniry carving traditions, which may echo Vazimba architectural styles, and the enduring fady (taboos) that protect certain forests as former Vazimba hunting grounds. Through the lens of East African history, we uncover how isolation shaped Madagascar’s unique blend of Austronesian and Bantu influences, and why the Vazimba remain a potent symbol of pre-colonial sovereignty. #Vazimba #MadagascarHistory #MerinaEmpire #Andrianampoinimerina #Ambohimanga #Ombiasy #Sampy #Fady #Zafimaniry #EastAfrica #AustronesianMigration #PreColonialMadagascar #OralTradition #Rova #Imerina #IslandKingdoms #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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  The Vazimba Legacy: Madagascar's First Kings 03.10.2026 9Min.

  Long before the Merina Empire rose to power in the central highlands, Madagascar was shaped by the Vazimba, a term now used more for reverence than historical certainty. This episode explores how early rulers like Andriamanelo and his son Ralambo wove Vazimba lineage into their political legitimacy, blending ancestor worship with statecraft. We examine the role of the ombiasy priests and the sacred sampy idols that served as spiritual anchors for these early kingdoms. By looking at the archaeological gaps and the oral traditions preserved in the haints fomba amam-panao, we uncover how isolation allowed distinct cultural layers to build upon one another. The narrative focuses on the transition from localized chieftaincies to the centralized authority that would eventually challenge European colonial ambitions. Listeners will encounter specific figures like Andrianjaka and learn about the fady restrictions that governed daily life in these pre-colonial societies. #Vazimba #MadagascarHistory #Andriamanelo #Ralambo #MerinaKingdom #Ombiasy #Sampy #Fady #EastAfrica #PreColonialAfrica #HaintsFombaAmamPanao #Andrianjaka #Ambohimanga #MalagasyCulture #AfricanKingdoms #OralTradition #HistoryPodcast #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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  The Vazimba: Madagascar's First Kings and Lost Kingdoms 02.10.2026 6Min.

  Long before the Merina Kingdom rose to power in the central highlands, a different people held sway over Madagascar’s landscape. This episode uncovers the legacy of the Vazimba, the indigenous founders whose name still echoes in Malagasy place names like Antananarivo, meaning 'City of the Thousand.' We explore the archaeological evidence of their early ironworking sites and megalithic structures, alongside the oral traditions that describe them as smaller-statured rulers with distinct spiritual practices. While later kings like Andrianampoinimerina claimed descent from or conquest over the Vazimba to legitimize their rule, the true story is one of cultural absorption and erasure. Join us as we trace the fragmented history of these first kingdoms, examining how colonial narratives often sidelined them, and why modern archaeology is finally giving them their due credit as the architects of Madagascar’s earliest statehood. #Vazimba #MadagascarHistory #Antananarivo #MerinaKingdom #Andrianampoinimerina #EastAfricaHistory #MegalithicMalagasy #IndigenousMadagascar #PreColonialAfrica #OralTradition #Archaeology #FexingoHistory #History #AfricanHistory #IslandNations #KingdomOfImerina #MalagasyCulture #LostCivilizations Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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  Madagascar's Silk Road: The Comoros Connection 01.10.2026 6Min.

  While previous episodes have focused on the Merina Kingdom’s political unification and military reforms, this episode shifts our gaze to Madagascar’s maritime soul. We explore how the island was never truly isolated but rather a vital node in the Indian Ocean trade networks connecting East Africa, Arabia, and Southeast Asia. Lucas and Luna trace the Austronesian origins of the Malagasy people, following the voyaging canoes that crossed thousands of miles of open ocean to settle on the eastern coast. We examine the role of the Sakalava and Antankarana kingdoms as intermediaries in the spice and slave trades, detailing their diplomatic marriages with Swahili city-states like Zanzibar and Mombasa. The conversation delves into the linguistic remnants of Old Malay found in modern Malagasy, the agricultural innovations introduced by early settlers, and the complex social hierarchies that emerged from these cross-cultural unions. Through the lens of the Monsoon winds and the dhow ships, we uncover how Madagascar’s identity was forged not just through internal conquest, but through its enduring, intricate connections to the wider world. #MadagascarHistory #AustronesianMigration #IndianOceanTrade #SakalavaKingdom #MalagasyCulture #ComorosIslands #SwahiliCoast #ZanzibarSultanate #MonsoonWinds #DhowShips #Antankarana #Vazimba #EastAfricaHistory #Colonialism #MerinaKingdom #RanavalonaIII #Rainilaiarivony #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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  Madagascar's Silk Road: The Comoros Connection 30.09.2026 7Min.

  This episode explores the intricate maritime networks that connected Madagascar to the Indian Ocean world, focusing on the vital role of the Comoros archipelago as a cultural and commercial bridge. We trace how Malagasy sailors navigated the Mozambique Channel, trading zebu cattle and rice for Arabian spices and Swahili textiles. The conversation highlights the unique fusion of Austronesian navigation techniques with African and Arab influences, creating a distinct coastal identity. We examine the historical significance of ports like Antongil Bay and the diplomatic exchanges between Merina rulers and Comorian sheikhs. Listeners will discover how these sea routes facilitated not just commerce, but the spread of Islam, linguistic loanwords, and architectural styles across the island. Through specific anecdotes about shipbuilding materials and monsoon winds, we uncover the depth of Madagascar’s integration into the pre-colonial global economy, moving beyond isolationist myths to reveal a vibrant, interconnected history. #Comoros #IndianOceanTrade #MalagasyHistory #Zanzibar #SwahiliCulture #MonsoonWinds #AustronesianNavigation #AntongilBay #MerinaKingdom #SakalavaKingdom #ArabMariners #ZebuCattle #RiceTrade #ColonialEra #EastAfrica #FexingoHistory #HistoryPodcast #GlobalHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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  The Saffron Truce: Madagascar's Secret Diplomacy 29.09.2026 4Min.

  While the rest of Africa was carved up during the Scramble for Territory, Madagascar remained an independent island nation. This episode explores the delicate diplomatic tightrope walked by Prime Minister Rainilaiarivony and Queen Ranavalona III in the late nineteenth century. We look at how the Merina court used a policy of neutrality, often called the 'saffron truce,' to balance British and French interests without surrendering sovereignty. Through secret correspondence, strategic marriages, and careful manipulation of colonial rivalries, Madagascar avoided direct colonization until 1896. We examine the specific treaties, the role of the London Missionary Society's legacy, and the internal political fractures that ultimately made this independence unsustainable against the rising tide of French imperialism. #Madagascar #MerinaKingdom #Rainilaiarivony #RanavalonaIII #SaffronTruce #ScrambleForAfrica #FrenchColonialism #BritishEmpire #Antananarivo #RovaPalace #Diplomacy #19thCenturyHistory #IndianOceanHistory #IslandNations #ColonialResistance #MalagasyCulture #FexingoHistory #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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  Madagascar's Spice Wars and the Arab Slave Trade 28.09.2026 8Min.

  While previous episodes focused on the Merina Kingdom’s internal politics and military reforms, this episode shifts focus to Madagascar’s complex maritime history. We explore how the island became a crucial node in the Indian Ocean slave trade, dominated by Arab and Swahili merchants who established powerful coastal enclaves. Lucas details the rise of the Saona dynasty and their control over the slave ports of Antongil Bay, examining the brutal dynamics of the Zanj trade. Luna guides us through the cultural impact of these interactions, from the introduction of Islam to the lasting demographic changes in eastern communities. Together, they unpack the tension between coastal autonomy and Merina expansionism, revealing a Madagascar that was far more connected to global networks than its isolation suggests. #MadagascarHistory #IndianOceanTrade #ArabSlaveTrade #SaonaDynasty #AntongilBay #ZanjSlavery #MalagasyCulture #SwahiliCoast #EastAfricaHistory #ColonialPreHistory #MerinaKingdom #IslandEmpires #FexingoHistory #HistoryPodcast #AfricanHistory #MaritimeHistory #SlaveTradeHistory #Anthropology Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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  The Zafimaniry: Carving Madagascar’s Soul 27.09.2026 8Min.

  We left the Merina kingdom’s iron and politics behind to look at a different kind of power—one carved from wood. In this episode, we travel to the central highlands to meet the Zafimaniry artisans, whose intricate joinery turned homes into sacred texts without a single nail. We explore how their craft survived colonial attempts to erase it, the spiritual weight of their fady taboos, and why these wooden masterpieces are now facing extinction in a modernizing world. This is a story about silence, precision, and the enduring beauty of a culture that built its identity one joint at a time. #Zafimaniry #MadagascarHistory #Woodcarving #TraditionalCrafts #FexingoHistory #EastAfrica #MerinaKingdom #CulturalHeritage #Joinery #Fady #ColonialImpact #Antsirabe #CentralHighlands #ArtisanCulture #Preservation #IndigenousArt #HistoryPodcast #Humanities Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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  The Dinar and the Crown: Madagascar’s Silver Economy 26.09.2026 7Min.

  In this episode, we explore the unexpected economic modernization of the Merina Kingdom under King Radama I in the early 19th century. While previous episodes focused on military conquest and religious upheaval, we zoom in on the financial machinery that funded them. We discuss the introduction of the Malagasy dinar, a silver coinage system inspired by European models but adapted for local trade networks. Lucas and Luna trace how Radama I partnered with British merchants from Zanzibar and Mauritius to establish a mint in Antananarivo. You will hear about the specific exchange rates used, the role of the hova class in managing these new fiscal policies, and how the influx of foreign currency disrupted traditional barter systems based on zebu cattle and cloth. We also examine the political tension this created within the royal court, as traditionalists viewed the devaluation of ancestral wealth as a threat to cultural sovereignty. The conversation covers the brief lifespan of this monetary experiment before it was dismantled by Ranavalona I’s isolationist policies. Through detailed analysis of trade records and missionary accounts, we reconstruct a side of Madagascar’s history rarely discussed: its attempt to integrate into the global capitalist economy of the 1820s. #MerinaKingdom #RadamaI #MalagasyHistory #SilverCoinage #Antananarivo #ZanzibarTrade #RanavalonaI #Fanompoana #HovaNobles #EastAfricanHistory #ColonialEconomics #IslandStates #19thCenturyAfrica #MonetaryPolicy #FexingoHistory #HistoryPodcast #IndianOceanTrade #BritishMerchants Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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  Madagascar's Iron Curtain: Radama I's Military Revolution 25.09.2026 8Min.

  We often think of Madagascar’s unification as a story of diplomacy or divine right, but under King Radama I in the early nineteenth century, it was forged by steel and gunpowder. This episode explores how Radama transformed the Merina Kingdom’s military from a feudal levy into a professional standing army equipped with modern European firearms. We look at his pivotal relationship with British officer William Campbell, who helped train the first regular regiments in Antananarivo, and the strategic shift that allowed the Merina to conquer the Sakalava kingdoms in the west and the Betsileo territories in the south. You will hear about the controversial introduction of foreign weapons, the logistical nightmare of supplying a large standing army through the fanompoana labor system, and how this militarization fundamentally altered the social fabric of the island. While previous episodes covered the spiritual authority of the sampy and the rigid class structure of the Andriana, here we focus on the hard power that made those structures enforceable across the entire island. From the armories of Ambohimanga to the battlefields of Mahajanga, discover how a small highland kingdom became an imperial power through sheer industrial and tactical innovation. #RadamaI #MerinaKingdom #WilliamCampbell #Fanompoana #MalagasyHistory #EastAfricaHistory #ColonialMadagascar #MilitaryHistory #Antananarivo #Sakalava #Betsileo #GunpowderEmpire #IslandEmpire #19thCenturyAfrica #FexingoHistory #HistoryPodcast #IndianOceanTrade #AfricanKingdoms Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo
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  The Zafimaniry: Madagascar's Carving Masters 24.09.2026 8Min.

  Episode 240 shifts focus from the political machinations of the Merina court to the artistic and spiritual heartland of the Central Highlands: the village of Zafimaniry. While previous episodes explored the iron curtains and royal edicts of Antananarivo, this story dives into a UNESCO-recognized community where woodcarving is not merely decoration but a sacred language. We explore how these artisans used intricate geometric patterns to map their relationship with ancestors and the natural world, turning every doorpost, pillar, and raft into a text of protection. Lucas and Luna examine the specific motifs—the spiral of life, the zigzag of rain—and discuss why this craft survived French colonization and modernization when so many other traditions did. It is a tale of resilience encoded in cedar and rosewood, revealing how aesthetics can serve as both armor and prayer in a changing world. #Zafimaniry #MadagascarHistory #Woodcarving #UNESCO #MerinaCulture #Antananarivo #CentralHighlands #AfricanArt #ColonialImpact #Andriana #SacredGeometry #Rosewood #Cedar #Fady #Ombiasy #FexingoHistory #EastAfrica #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo