The Open Door

Afleveringen

• 
  Episode 320: Matthew Vander Vennet on the Sacra Doctrina Project (July 22, 2026) 23.07.2026 57min

  In this episode of The Open Door, panelists Thomas Storck and Andrew Sorokowski talk with Matthew Vander Vennet about the Sacra Doctrina project.What is the Sacra Doctrina project?What do you see in the current practice of theology that needs correction or enhancement?On your website you speak of "speculative theology" as the foundation for theology. In current usage speculative generally means making good guesses or musing about something. Is that what you mean by "speculative theology"?How is good theology related to good philosophy? How is St. Thomas important for both these sciences?One of the issues in current theological discussion involves the question of whether historical and cultural particularities ought to be the starting point for theology or whether we can know certain universals from which we can then deduce other facts, even though we must still take account of historical and cultural facts. Can you comment on this, and on how differing approaches to this question have affected Catholic intellectual life since the Council?
• 
  Episode 319: The Open Door with Dr. Virginia Arbery on Nationalism (July 1, 2026) 02.07.2026 1u 5min

  In this episode of The Open Door, panelists Thomas Storck and Christopher Zehnder talk with Virginia Arbery about Nationalism.
• 
  Episode 318: Jared Staudt, editor of The American Catholic Land Movement (June 10, 2026) 14.06.2026 59min

  In this episode of The Open Door, panelists Thomas Storck, Andrew Sorokowski, and Christopher Zehnder interview Jared Staudt, editor of The American Catholic Land Movement (June 10, 2026)
• 
  Episode 317: Dr. Richard Spinello on the Essential Role of Philosophy in Catholic Theology (May 20, 2026) 22.05.2026 1u 5min

  In this episode of The Open Door, panelists Thomas Storck, Andrew Sorokowski, and Christopher Zehnder talk with Richard Spinello, a professor at Boston College, on the relationship between philosophy and theology, particularly within the Catholic tradition.Spinello emphasized the importance of philosophy in theological education, highlighting the need for a solid philosophical foundation, especially in ethics and metaphysics. The conversation also touched on the decline of Thomism in modern academia and the influence of modern philosophy on theology, particularly the challenges posed by relativism and postmodernism. The panelists agreed on the necessity of a metaphysical dimension in Catholic philosophy and the need for a revival of Thomistic studies.For more on this point, see Spinello's Four Catholic Philosophers: Rejoicing in the Truth (Jacques Maritain, Edith Stein, Dietrich von Hildebrand, Karol Wojtyła) This book unfolds the intersecting life stories of four important Catholic philosophers of the 20th century, namely, Jacques Maritain, Edith Stein, Dietrich von Hildebrand, and Karol Wojtyla, and examines the salient themes of their respective philosophies. Exploring the lives of these four individuals will unlock for the reader the nature of Catholic philosophy, which always aspires to a higher wisdom and the discovery of the hidden harmony of the universe. The spiritual itinerary of these faithful scholars is part of a larger story, therefore, of the intimate relationship between faith and reason that is at the heart of Catholic intellectual life. https://enroutebooksandmedia.com/fourcatholicphilosophers/
• 
  Episode 316: Fr. Richard O Connor on Dialectics (April 29, 2026) 30.04.2026 1u 1min

  In this episode of The Open Door, panelists Thomas Storck, Christopher Zehnder, and Andrew Sorokowski talk with Fr. Richard O Connor on Dialectics.
• 
  Episode 315: Fr. Richard O Connor on his book Pastoral Lessons (April 8, 2026) 09.04.2026 1u 11min

  In this episode of The Open Door, Thomas Storck, Christopher Zehnder, and Andrew Sorokowski interview Fr. Richard O Connor on his book Pastoral Lessons: A Study in Pastoral Theology, Theory and Practice (April 8, 2026). This book offers a comprehensive exploration of the priestly vocation in light of Christ’s threefold office as King, Prophet, and Priest. Drawing from Scripture, Vatican II, the Catechism, and the writings of St. John Paul II, O Connor blends theology with lived parish experience. This guide equips seminarians, clergy, and lay leaders to shepherd, teach, and sanctify God’s people with wisdom and pastoral charity.Pastoral Lessons: A Study in Pastoral Theology, Theory and Practice by Fr. Richard O Connor | En Route Books and Media
• 
  Episode 314: David Lyons, Columbus, OH, Office of Catholic Advocacy and Social Doctrine (March 12, 2026) 17.03.2026 1u 6min

  In this episode of The Open Door, panelists Thomas Storck, Andrew Sorokowski, and Christopher Zehnder interview David Lyons, Director of the Office of Catholic Advocacy and Social Doctrine for the Columbus diocese.This article https://catholictimescolumbus.org/local/human-life-and-the-social-order-the-work-of-the-office-of-catholic-advocacy-social-doctrine/ highlights some of his work. The panel focuses on efforts to combat what he calls industrial gambling, corporate domination of the housing market and "data centers' binges on public utilities like electricity and water."
• 
  Episode 313: The Panelists on Just War Theory (February 16, 2026) 17.02.2026 1u 1min

  What exactly does the Church's just war teaching entail? For governments and for citizens, whether in the military or not? What might be relevant here from the conventions or treaties enacted since the 19th century which are examples of positive law but also efforts to specify what's obligated by natural law?Fr. Stratmann writes that "If we consider the conditions which justify a war from the standard of Catholic morality we find that war is almost an impossibility. Defence or restoration of justice are the only justifications for war." p. 63.Fr Stratmann writes, "It is, to begin with, almost impossible to decide who is the original aggressor - whether it is the side which declares war, or that which issues the ultimatum or that which has necessitated the ultimatum" p. 44. And elsewhere he writes of the difficulty of knowing where to place blame, given the old grudges and injustices which occur between countries. In light of this, what can we say about the justice of any war?Does the level of military technology affect just war theory, e.g., can we say that any particular means of waging war is or can be legitimate simply because it is in common use? I am thinking of aerial bombing, which seems to be usually or always wrong, except perhaps when used against a purely military target such as a fleet of enemy warships. Can we make a good argument that a just war is no long impossible given the kinds of armaments employed today?Is this teaching really practical? Does it hamper the actions of governments in protecting their nations? Do government leaders have the right to embrace the idea of Death but not Sin, when that means death for their citizens as well?Does a single nation have the authority or right to act as a police force throughout the world, especially given our proclivity to favor our own interests and pretend that we are acting on behalf of international law or morality?What concretely could a nation, inspired by Christian principles, do to further the cause of peace? Or the Church?
• 
  Episode 312: Fr. Jacek Norkowski and Stephen Blendell on Homeopathy (January 28, 2026) 29.01.2026 1u 10min

  In this episode of The Open Door, panelists Thomas Storck, Andrew Sorokowski, and Christopher Zehnder talk with Fr. Jacek Norkowski and Stephen Blendell on Homeopathy.Some questions asked:What is homeopathy? What is its history?How does it differ from allopathic medicine? What are the philosophical bases of both systems? Why might a Catholic prefer homeopathy because of the Thomistic philosophical and theological traditions? How do both homeopathy and allopathy presuppose a certain understanding of human nature? Is homeopathy more congruent with a Thomistic understanding than with a Cartesian understanding of how a living organism functions?Do we know how homeopathy works? What do we say to critics who claim it is merely a placebo or that it has never been validated by proper scientific testing?Why are some Catholics suspicious of homeopathy?In Europe, what is the situation with homeopathy? Is it accepted in most of the national health plans of EU nations? What do you see as its future? What are the barriers to its increased acceptance? In particular, how do allopathic practitioners view homeopathy? In the U.S. I've noticed a slight increase in allopaths who are willing to take it seriously.
• 
  Episode 311: Paul List on his book Mount Doom: The Prophecy of Tolkien Revealed (January 7, 2026) 09.01.2026 1u 3min

  In this episode of The Open Door, Thomas Storck, Andrew Sorokowski, and Christopher Zehnder interview Paul List on his book co-authored with Ali Ghaffari entitled Mount Doom: The Prophecy of Tolkien Revealed.J.R.R. Tolkien stated that he wrote his mythology to be enjoyed by readers - and yet, that was only the beginning. But are there more to Tolkien's words beyond the "fairy tale?"For decades, interpreters have guessed at the underlying messages contained within Tolkien's mythology. Yet until now, no one has pulled together a comprehensive interpretation of the deeper, hidden messages within the greatest mythological tales ever told.In 'Mount Doom, ' Paul List and Ali Ghaffari show how Tolkien began with the most significant true myth, the Creation story from the book of Genesis, adapted it to the creation of an individual human being, brought in a prophecy about the greatest threat to humanity - idolatry and slavery as a result of over-reliance on digital machinery and artificial intelligence. Tolkien's mythology is his warning to humanity and his hope for the revival of Western civilization. This complete reinterpretation of the Lord of the Rings mythology will forever change how the world understands J.R.R. Tolkien and his life's work.https://www.amazon.com/Mount-Doom-Prophecy-Tolkien-Revealed/dp/1956267735
• 
  Episode 310: Panel Discussion on Why People Leave the Church (December 10, 2025) 12.12.2025 1u 2min

  In this episode of The Open Door, Thomas Storck, Andrew Sorokowski, and Christopher Zehnder hold a panel discussion on why people leave the Church.
• 
  Episode 309: Dr. Virginia Arbery and George Hawley on the book Catholics and the American Polity (November 19, 2025) 19.11.2025 1u

  In this episode of The Open Door, panelists Thomas Storck, Andrew Sorokowski, and Christopher Zehnder interview Dr. Virginia Arbery & George Hawley on a book co-edited by Pieter Vree and Thomas Storck entitled Catholics and the American Polity: Approaches & Contestations."Anti-Catholicism is one of the distinguishing marks of American history. Today, as the Church's institutional influence wanes, anti-Catholicism is once again surging. Yet Catholics mustn't retreat from civic engagement, for the Catechism says that 'intervening directly' in the 'political structuring and organization of social life' is our 'vocation.' How are we to accomplish this? Three theories have gained prominence: integralism, regime change, and the 'Benedict Option.' In this book, twenty-five thinkers grapple with the questions of whether Catholics have a 'place at the table' of American public life and how we might fulfill our vocation vis-à-vis the structuring and organization of the same." -PIETER VREE "What is America-a nation, a proposition, an experiment? And if a proposition or an experiment, how does America relate to the Church's own robust tradition of political thought? Is it something that a Catholic can or ought to make his peace with? This timely collection of essays highlights a range of opinion, from enthusiastic acceptance of a propositional Americanism to an equally strong rejection of such. Catholics who have not closely examined the philosophical or theological roots of American tradition or the implications of our own Church's thought, will find in this volume more than one helpful starting point for their own pondering on what it means to be both Catholic and American in the twenty-first century." -THOMAS STORCK Contributors Virginia L. Arbey - Casey Chalk - Will Hoyt - George Hawley - Kan Ito - A. James McAdamsPreston R. Simpson - Mark Barrett - Charles A. Coulombe - Christopher BeitingKarl Keating - Gracjan Kraszewski - Jude Russo - Marek Jan Chodakiewicz - Christopher ZehnderJohn M. Grondelski - James G. Hanink - Edmund Waldstein, O.Cist. - Thomas Storck - Edwin DygaRobert McTeigue, S.J. - Jason M. Morgan - Thaddeus Kozinski - John C. Médaille - Al Kresta https://www.amazon.com/Catholics-American-Polity-Approaches-Contestations/dp/1998492583/
• 
  Episode 308: Felix Corley on his book Catholicos and Commissar (October 29, 2025) 30.10.2025 1u 6min

  In this episode of The Open Door, panelists Thomas Storck, Andrew Sorokowski, and Christopher Zehnder interview Felix Corley on his book Catholicos and Commissar: The Armenian Church under the Soviet Regime (October29, 2025)Part of a two-volume set, this volume explores the history of the Armenian Apostolic Church under Soviet rule. Initially flourishing across the Russian Empire, the Church briefly enjoyed greater religious freedom after the February 1917 revolution. However, the Bolshevik regime imposed severe restrictions after October 1917: churches were seized, clergy were taxed and jailed, religious education was banned, and international ties were severed. By 1938, Stalin's purges had devastated the Church, culminating in the murder of Catholicos Khoren and the closure of almost all churches.Despite this, a partial revival occurred after World War II. In 1945, Stalin permitted the election of a new Church leader, Catholicos Gevorg, who supported Soviet territorial claims and repatriation efforts. Although minimal, the Church's presence in the South Caucasus and southern Russia was gradually restored.The book is based on extensive archival research, memoirs, and interviews, offering a vivid account of how the Church and its followers struggled to maintain faith under an oppressive regime.Volume 2 continues the history of the Armenian Apostolic Church in the Soviet Union, focusing on the leadership of Catholicos Vazgen I, who served from 1955 until 1994-the longest tenure of any religious leader in the USSR. Chosen by the KGB after a lack of suitable Soviet-based candidates, Vazgen publicly supported the Soviet regime but worked quietly to strengthen the Church's presence at home and abroad. The Church's seminary at Echmiadzin grew, and diaspora ties were cautiously encouraged, though most parishes remained isolated.Despite the appearance of normalcy, the Church operated under heavy restrictions. Major decisions were often made by the state, and KGB agents were placed among the clergy. The harsh anti-religious campaigns of the Khrushchev era forced the closure of many churches. After Khrushchev's fall, restrictions eased somewhat, but the Church remained passive, neither resisting nor expanding.Major change came under Gorbachev's reforms in the late 1980s. Long-suppressed Armenian national aspirations, especially around Nagorno-Karabakh, erupted, followed by the 1988 earthquake. The Church responded with new community efforts. Though initially cautious about independence, Catholicos Vazgen eventually played a key role in legitimising the new Armenian state and reaffirming the Church's place as its official religion.Like Volume One, this book draws from extensive archival research, memoirs, and interviews to tell the story of how the Armenian Church and its followers navigated Soviet repression and shifting political landscapes.
• 
  Episode 307: Matteo Mazzariol on Distributism (October 8, 2025) 11.10.2025 1u 4min

  In this episode of The Open Door, panelists Thomas Storck, Andrew Sorokowski, and Christopher Zehnder talk with Matteo Mazzariol on Distributism (October 8, 2025)For a copy of the flyer for the 1st international course on distributism, see https://wcatradio.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/10/1st-International-Course-on-Distributism.pdf
• 
  Episode 306: Fr. Maxim Morariu talks about the situation in Romania (September 18, 2025) 20.09.2025 1u 3min

  WCAT TV is an en air wing of En Route Books and Media working with WCAT Radio to share the joys of the Catholic faith. To support the station, please visit our Patreon account at https://www.patreon.com/wcatradioIn this episode of The Open Door, panelists Thomas Storck and Christopher Zehnder speak with Fr. Maxim Morariu, a prominent Romanian Orthodox theologian, cleric, scholar, and cultural figure, holding multiple doctorates and actively contributing to theological research, literature, and pastoral work in Romania and the diaspora.
• 
  Episode 305: Karl Schmude, President of the Australian Chesterton Society (August 27, 2025) 28.08.2025 1u 5min

  In this episode of The Open Door, panelists Thomas Storck and Christopher Zehnder interview Karl Schmude, President of the Australian Chesterton Society.Among the questions they ask are the following:Australia is I think the most recent major country of European culture to be established, i.e., in the late 18th century, after a century and more of secularization in Europe, and then for a time was treated as a British prison colony. In what ways does this make Australia different from other parts of the Western cultural world? Is it proper to speak of an Australian tradition given that it was settled at the end of the European Enlightenment?Has the significant numbers of immigrants - as you noted, from Italy, Malta, Poland, Lebanon, affected the originally British character of Australian culture? And has the more recent immigration affected this? In particular, has there been significant immigration from countries without any Christian cultural tradition and if so, what effect has this had?I have read about the Campion Society of the 1930s, and I was very impressed by their attempt to develop Catholic intellectual, social and cultural life - an effort that I don't know had any equivalent elsewhere. Yet in the end it was not successful? Why was that?One gets the impression of an increasing hostile secularist culture in Australia, e.g., the conviction of Cardinal Pell for a crime that seemingly he could not possibly have actually committed, or the Conversion Practices Ban Acts of 2024. Can you comment on such trends and the response of Catholics or other Christians. (In the U.S. Evangelical Protestants still form a powerful political and cultural bloc. Is this the case in Australia?)Can you tell us something about Campion College and why it was founded? Does it attempt to carry on the work originally begun by the Campion Society in the 1930s?In addition to Campion College, there are several other Catholic higher educational institutions, are there not? How would you describe these? Are any of them authentically Catholic?In what ways is the task of both retaining Catholics and evangelizing different in Australia from other parts of the Catholic world?
• 
  Episode 304: Dann Aungst on his Facilitator Guide entitled Winning the Battle for Sexual Purity (August 6, 2025) 06.08.2025 59min

  In this episode of The Open Door, panelists Thomas Storck, Christopher Zehnder, and Andrew Sorokowski interview Dann Aungst on his Facilitator Guide entitled Winning the Battle for Sexual Purity, designed to run small groups utilizing the Winning the Battle book by Road to Purity.https://www.amazon.com/Winning-battle-sexual-purity-Facilitator/dp/B0F5NQQB4F/Questions asked:Can you tell our viewers and listeners what is the basic thesis of your book, Winning the Battle? Holy Scripture provides more than sufficient evidence that men have lusted toward women since recorded history. In the past this was seen solely as a moral problem. Granted that lust when consented to is a mortal sin and to be avoided by the usual means of avoiding sin, why do you see psychological factors as looming so large in considerations of this sin?Do you think that in the past the psychological aspect, i.e. addiction, has not been recognized or emphasized enough?When counseling those addicted to pornography do you emphasize the moral or the psychological aspects more?What psychological or spiritual approach do you take?I once read a distinction between pornography use as something when, for whatever reason, a man is unable to have access to a real woman, versus pornography use as a preferred substitute for a real woman. Do you think that that the latter is more common today than in the past? If so, what do you see as the reasons for that?The reported increase in pornography addiction is roughly in tandem with the reported "male crisis" of boys and young men who feel disoriented, demoralized, and unsure of their social roles. This, in turn, is allegedly a byproduct of contemporary feminism, with many women taking on dominant male roles in work and family.Do you think these three developments are connected? If so, does your approach to porn addiction take the "male crisis" and modern feminism into account?Supposedly one positive result of feminism has been that it is no longer socially acceptable for men to regard women as "objects" of lust; rather, they should see them as fellow human beings whom they should treat with respect, friendship and love. But given the (unintended?) effects of feminism on men, do you see this as paradoxical?Your book is evidently addressed to committed Catholics, who are open to a religious approach to the problem of pornography addiction. But many Catholics today would regard this as a problem that the Church is not qualified to deal with, because it is led by celibate men with insufficient experience and understanding of sex; instead, they would consult with secular psychologists. How would you respond to this objection?For people addicted to pornography, can you give us a couple of examples in the book's daily action plan that people can do today to help stop the habit?How does your book, Winning the Battle help any addiction habit, whether it be alcoholism, sexual impurity, or drugs, fall away on its own?Where can people go to purchase Winning the Battle, along with Holy Hours, and other helpful prayerful resources
• 
  Episode 303: Neal Flesher on his book Modern Chains: The Invisible Shackles of Economic Slavery (July 16, 2025) 17.07.2025 1u 18min

  In this episode of The Open Door, panelists Thomas Storck, Andrew Sorokowski, and Christopher Zehnder talk with Neal Flesher about his book Modern Chains: The Invisible Shackles of Economic Slavery.Modern Chains examines a truth we have been conditioned to ignore: our financial system functions as a silent mechanism of enslavement. Drawing on centuries of history, philosophy, and moral reasoning, author Neal Flesher reveals how our fiat monetary order corrodes human dignity and fractures communities. This book delivers a powerful appeal to moral clarity. By exposing the architecture of fractional reserve banking, revealing the invalid logic of debt-based money, demolishing the justifications for “acceptable” inflation, and unveiling the soul-siphoning nature of usury, Flesher maps out the moral imperative to resist with logical rigor and resounding rhetorical force. Yet Modern Chains does not dwell in gloom. It presents practical tools for liberation in the form of a revolutionary monetary alternative: one requiring no trust in political promises or corporate benevolence. If you have ever sensed something deeply wrong beneath everyday economic life, this book’s philosophical depth and practical guidance may be your key to shaking off those invisible chains.https://enroutebooksandmedia.com/modernchains/
• 
  Episode 302: Matthew Tsakanikas on his book A Catechesis on Deification, Transfiguration & the Luminous Mysteries (June 25, 2025) 25.06.2025 1u 5min

  In this episode of The Open Door, Thomas Storck, Andrew Sorokowski, and Christopher Zehnder interview Matthew Tsakanikas on his book A Catechesis on Deification, Transfiguration & the Luminous Mysteries.This book is a catechetical exploration of Christian deification, deeply rooted in the theological insights of Saint Athanasius and other Church Fathers. The work connects the mysteries of the Rosary with the transformative grace offered through Christ, focusing particularly on the Luminous Mysteries as a lens for understanding humanity’s participation in the divine life. Central to the book is the concept of deification, described as the process by which humans become “partakers in the divine nature” (2 Peter 1:4).Dr. Matthew A. Tsakanikas emphasizes that deification does not imply losing one’s humanity but rather elevating it through grace, living in God’s will, and growing in love and virtue. Drawing on biblical passages, he demonstrates how the Incarnation, Passion, and Resurrection of Christ make this elevation possible.The book revisits key moments in salvation history, such as the Transfiguration, where Jesus revealed the glory of divine light to his disciples, and the Eucharist’s institution, portraying these events as glimpses of the divine kingdom. Tsakanikas also explores discipleship in Mary, the Rosary’s role in cultivating divine intimacy, and the unity of Scripture’s Old and New Testaments.Through theological reflection and practical devotion, Tsakanikas invites readers to embrace their divine calling, entering into Christ’s transformative love. https://enroutebooksandmedia.com/deification/
• 
  Episode 301: Carlo Lancellotti, author of Touchstone article entitled "America vs. Europe: Two Roads to Totalitarianism" (June 4, 2025) 04.06.2025 1u 2min

  In this episode of The Open Door, panelists Thomas Storck, Christopher Zehnder, and Andrew Sorokowski interview Carlo Lancellotti, author of Touchstone article entitled "America vs. Europe: Two Roads to Totalitarianism" (June 4, 2025)Questions asked:1. In your article you argue that although Europe was ahead of the US in terms of "overt" secularization, American "cultural de-Christianization" actually preceded Europe's. Could you explain for our listeners and viewers what you mean by these two types of secularization?2. If this understanding is correct, does it argue a rather superficial view on the part of American Christians as to what it means to have a Christianized society or nation? That Americans have long regarded themselves as religious merely on the basis of certain limited areas of external behavior while our intellectual and cultural life has been dominated by "a scientistic, utilitarian, individualistic, and materialistic worldview"?3. It is a commonplace that American society has been individualistic. Would you say that this is both a cause and a result of the fact that Americans have a very weak concept of culture and the effect of culture on individual persons, and that hence we have viewed religion as simply a private affair? And if that related to the variety of religious groups in the U.S. and its generally Protestant cultural tone?4. You refer to a discussion in the 1990s between Fr. Richard John Neuhaus and David L. Schindler, in which the former called for a revival of a "Puritan-Lockean synthesis" in the US, while the latter argued that the American "dualism" of faith versus reason had led to a separation of religion from knowledge, and thus to secularization. Would you say that Schindler's view has been vindicated by events since the 1990s?5. You cite the Italian philosopher Augusto Del Noce regarding scientism and "politicism," and the relation between secularism and totalitarianism. Could you comment on Del Noce's views on these topics and generally on his importance for understanding modernity?6. When thinking about "politicism," do we need to distinguish between modern and classical understandings of what we mean by the political? For example, you wrote "I believe we must call totalitarian any worldview that affirms the supremacy of politics above all aspects of social life and absorbs into politics all other forms of culture, like education, science, religion, art, and so on." Now in his Ethics (Bk. I, 2) Aristotle wrote, "If, then, there is some end of the things we do, which we desire for its own sake...clearly this must be the good and the chief good.... It would seem to belong to the most authoritative art and that which is most truly the master art. And politics appears to be of this nature; for it is this that ordains which of the sciences should be studied in a state, and which each class of citizens should learn and up to what point they should learn them; and we see even the most highly esteemed of capacities to fall under this, e.g. strategy, economics, rhetoric..." So are moderns and Aristotle speaking about the same thing? Or is there a hidden totalitarianism in Aristotle?7. You end on a somewhat positive note, arguing that secular modernity is destroying the very institutions upon which is depends, and yet is unable to preserve, and that Christians can feel this void by "showing them in concrete ways (in education, at work, in the family, even in politics) that faith not only connects us with God, but also makes us able to address more intelligently the human needs we have in common with everybody." As far as you can see, have we begun to do anything effective along these lines? Do you have any specific ideas of how we might implement such a proposal?