Lex Fridman Podcast

Episódios

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  #499 – Gary Gallagher: American Civil War, Slavery, Lincoln, Grant & Lee 28.07.2026 3h 53min

  Gary Gallagher is a historian of the American Civil War. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep499-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript:https://lexfridman.com/gary-gallagher-transcriptCONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactEPISODE LINKS: Gary’s UVA page: https://history.virginia.edu/people/gary-w-gallagher Gary’s Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary_W._Gallagher The Confederate War (book): https://amzn.to/4yletel The Union War (book): https://amzn.to/3QT1jED Lee and His Generals in War and Memory (book): https://amzn.to/4fdrbD5 Causes Won, Lost, and Forgotten (book): https://amzn.to/4wFxk1X The Myth of the Lost Cause and Civil War History (book): https://amzn.to/4vsAogU The Great Courses – The American Civil War: https://bit.ly/4gDX3mQSPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:Upwork: Platform for hiring freelancers. Go to https://upwork.com/lexNetSuite: Business management software. Go to http://netsuite.ai/lexShopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lexLMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexBetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lexPerplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://perplexity.ai/Plaud: AI-powered note-taking devices and software. Go to https://plaud.ai/lexOUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (00:07) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (08:36) – What caused the Civil War? (18:33) – Slavery (46:07) – Lincoln (1:01:03) – Grant vs Lee (1:09:57) – Could the Civil War have been avoided? (1:19:23) – The bloodiest war in US history (1:36:31) – How the Confederate Army could’ve won (1:57:05) – Key battles of the Civil War (2:20:07) – Best and Worst Presidents (2:34:06) – Robert E. Lee (2:53:40) – The most important battle of the Civil War (3:03:51) – The final showdown of the Civil War – Grant vs Lee (3:26:10) – Lost Cause and Confederate Monuments (3:43:37) – Extreme political division in US Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
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  #498 – Anthony Kaldellis: Roman Empire, Byzantine Empire, Rise & Fall of Empires 30.06.2026 3h 58min

  Anthony Kaldellis is a historian of the Roman Empire and author of “The New Roman Empire”, a comprehensive history of the Byzantine Empire (Eastern Roman Empire). Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep498-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript:https://lexfridman.com/anthony-kaldellis-transcriptCONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactEPISODE LINKS: Anthony’s Books: https://amzn.to/49AX7Q1 Anthony’s Publications: https://kaldellispublications.weebly.com Anthony’s University of Chicago page: https://classics.uchicago.edu/people/anthony-kaldellis The New Roman Empire (book): https://amzn.to/3PTFTqk Streams of Gold (book): https://amzn.to/4fgRMRq Byzantium & Friends Podcast: https://byzantiumandfriends.podbean.com/ The History of Byzantium Podcast: https://thehistoryofbyzantium.com/SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:Upwork: Platform for hiring freelancers. Go to https://upwork.com/lexFin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lexBetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lexLMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexShopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lexPerplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://perplexity.ai/OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (00:11) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (08:45) – The Roman Empire and the Byzantine Empire (12:42) – 2,200 Years of Roman History (33:06) – Power, violence, and civil war (54:20) – Edict of Caracalla (1:07:17) – Crisis of the Third Century (1:21:45) – Constantine and the new Roman Empire (1:33:46) – Christianity in the Roman Empire (1:59:14) – Fall of the Western Roman Empire (2:12:11) – Eunuchs, Taxes, and Power (2:37:17) – Emperor Justinian and wars of conquest (2:54:19) – The Arab conquests (3:13:55) – Why the Roman empire survived so long (3:40:01) – Lessons from history PODCAST LINKS: – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr – Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
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  #497 – Biggest Mysteries in Physics: Antimatter, Dark Energy & ToE – Don Lincoln 29.05.2026 3h 1min

  Don Lincoln is a particle physicist at Fermilab who has spent decades working at the frontiers of high energy physics. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep497-sc See below for timestamps, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. CONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactEPISODE LINKS: Don’s Facebook: https://facebook.com/Dr.Don.Lincoln/ Don’s Website: https://drdonlincoln.com/ Don’s LinkedIn: https://bit.ly/4nHeNiF Don’s YouTube Playlist: https://bit.ly/3PCIW67 Don’s X: https://x.com/DrDonLincoln Don’s Books: https://amzn.to/4uYbkOZ Don’s Great Courses: https://shop.thegreatcourses.com/don-lincoln Don’s Audible: https://adbl.co/4wGioRV Fermilab’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/fermilab Fermilab’s Website: https://www.fnal.gov/ Fermilab’s X: https://x.com/fermilabSPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:Upwork: Platform for hiring freelancers. Go to https://upwork.com/lexLarridin: Measure AI adoption in your business. Go to https://larridin.comFin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lexLMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexShopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lexPerplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://perplexity.ai/OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (00:34) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (08:52) – Unifying the laws of nature (23:23) – Einstein, special relativity, and general relativity (40:31) – Electroweak force (52:13) – How particle colliders work (1:10:16) – Higgs boson discovery (1:20:35) – Theory of everything (1:50:20) – Physics of empty space (1:57:45) – Antimatter (2:18:35) – Dark energy (2:22:23) – Dark matter (2:50:59) – Future of physics PODCAST LINKS: – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr – Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
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  #496 – FFmpeg: The Incredible Technology Behind Video on the Internet 06.05.2026 4h 23min

  Jean-Baptiste Kempf is lead developer of VLC and president of VideoLAN. Kieran Kunhya is a longtime FFmpeg contributor, codec engineer, and the person behind the now-infamous FFmpeg account on X. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep496-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript:https://lexfridman.com/ffmpeg-transcriptCONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactEPISODE LINKS: FFmpeg on X: https://x.com/FFmpeg FFmpeg: https://ffmpeg.org/ VideoLAN (VLC): https://www.videolan.org/ VideoLAN on X: https://x.com/videolan Jean-Baptiste’s Website: https://jbkempf.com/ Jean-Baptiste’s LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/jbkempf/ Jean-Baptiste’s GitHub: https://github.com/jbkempf Kieran’s X: https://x.com/kierank_ Kieran’s LinkedIn: https://bit.ly/3OORhmC Kieran’s GitHub: https://github.com/kierankSPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:Larridin: Measure AI adoption in your business. Go to https://larridin.comBlitzy: AI agent for large enterprise codebases. Go to https://blitzy.com/lexBetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lexFin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lexLMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexPerplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://perplexity.ai/OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (03:00) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (10:48) – Weirdest things VLC opens (15:12) – How video playback works (24:33) – Video codecs and containers (35:20) – FFmpeg explained (56:20) – Linus Torvalds (1:00:59) – Turning down millions to keep VLC ad-free (1:15:17) – FFmpeg & Google drama (1:34:31) – FFmpeg developers (1:41:08) – VLC and FFmpeg (1:45:42) – History of FFmpeg (1:48:59) – Reverse engineering codecs (2:02:14) – FFmpeg testing (2:06:21) – Assembly code (handwritten) (2:30:39) – Rust programming language (2:39:55) – FFmpeg and Libav fork (2:48:17) – Open source burnout (2:56:04) – x264 and internet video (3:09:20) – Video compression basics (3:16:17) – CIA and fake VLC (3:26:52) – Ultra low latency streaming (3:44:20) – AV2 codec and video patents (3:54:12) – VLC backdoors (4:04:27) – Video archiving (4:11:04) – Future of FFmpeg and VLC Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
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  #495 – Vikings, Ragnar, Berserkers, Valhalla & the Warriors of the Viking Age 09.04.2026 2h 9min

  Lars Brownworth is a historian, teacher, podcaster, and author specializing in Viking history, medieval Europe, and the Byzantine Empire. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep495-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript:https://lexfridman.com/lars-brownworth-transcriptCONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactEPISODE LINKS: Lars’s Website: https://larsbrownworth.com/ The Sea Wolves (book): https://www.amazon.com/Sea-Wolves-History-Vikings/dp/1909979120 Lars’s Books: https://amzn.to/4sHY0xw 12 Byzantine Rulers Podcast : https://12byzantinerulers.com/ Norman Centuries Podcast: https://apple.co/4sgSxNiSPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:Larridin: Measure AI adoption in your business. Go to https://larridin.comBetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lexLMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexFin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lexShopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lexPerplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://perplexity.ai/OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (01:03) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (08:57) – The start of the Viking Age (18:50) – Viking military strategy, tactics & technology (32:33) – Ragnar Lothbrok (42:00) – The Great Heathen Army (46:42) – Rollo and Normandy (56:54) – Viking religion and Valhalla (1:07:25) – Viking explorers (1:12:33) – Vikings in North America (1:25:55) – Vikings in the East (1:45:33) – Byzantine Empire (1:54:17) – History and human nature PODCAST LINKS: – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr – Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
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  #494 – Jensen Huang: NVIDIA – The $4 Trillion Company & the AI Revolution 23.03.2026 2h 32min

  Jensen Huang is the co-founder and CEO of NVIDIA, the world’s most valuable company and the engine powering the AI computing revolution. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep494-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript:https://lexfridman.com/jensen-huang-transcriptCONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactEPISODE LINKS: NVIDIA: https://nvidia.com NVIDIA on X: https://x.com/nvidia NVIDIA AI on X: https://x.com/NVIDIAAI NVIDIA on YouTube: https://youtube.com/@nvidia NVIDIA on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nvidia/ NVIDIA on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/nvidia/ NVIDIA on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/NVIDIA/ NVIDIA on GitHub: https://github.com/NVIDIA Nemotron: https://developer.nvidia.com/nemotronSPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://perplexity.ai/Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lexLMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexFin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lexQuo: Phone system (calls, texts, contacts) for businesses. Go to https://quo.com/lexOUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (00:26) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (06:34) – Extreme co-design and rack-scale engineering (09:20) – How Jensen runs NVIDIA (28:41) – AI scaling laws (43:41) – Biggest blockers to AI scaling laws (45:25) – Supply chain (47:20) – Memory (53:25) – Power (58:45) – Elon and Colossus (1:02:13) – Jensen’s approach to engineering and leadership (1:07:38) – China (1:15:51) – TSMC and Taiwan (1:21:06) – NVIDIA’s moat (1:26:43) – AI data centers in space (1:30:31) – Will NVIDIA be worth $10 trillion? (1:40:40) – Leadership under pressure (1:54:26) – Video games (2:01:18) – AGI timeline (2:03:31) – Future of programming (2:17:02) – Consciousness (2:23:23) – Mortality PODCAST LINKS: – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr – Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
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  #493 – Jeff Kaplan: World of Warcraft, Overwatch, Blizzard, and Future of Gaming 11.03.2026 5h 16min

  Jeff Kaplan is a legendary Blizzard game designer of World of Warcraft and Overwatch, now preparing to launch a new game, The Legend of California, from his new studio Kintsugiyama – available to wishlist on Steam today, with alpha later in March. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep493-sc See below for timestamps, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. CONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactEPISODE LINKS: The Legend of California (Steam Page): https://store.steampowered.com/app/2550530/The_Legend_of_California Jeff’s Game Studio: https://www.kintsugiyama.com/SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:Fin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lexBlitzy: AI agent for large enterprise codebases. Go to https://blitzy.com/lexBetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lexShopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lexCodeRabbit: AI-powered code reviews. Go to https://coderabbit.ai/lexPerplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://perplexity.ai/OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (02:24) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (10:47) – Early games: Pac-Man, Zork, Doom, Quake (25:12) – Writing career – 170 rejection letters (40:45) – EverQuest obsession (53:43) – Getting hired at Blizzard (1:09:11) – Lowest point in Jeff’s life (1:15:16) – One of Us (1:19:33) – Early Blizzard culture (1:39:15) – Building World of Warcraft (1:56:59) – How WoW changed video games (2:14:21) – Single-player vs Multi-player (2:35:15) – How Blizzard made great video games (3:01:04) – Online toxicity (3:08:38) – Why Titan failed (3:25:48) – Overwatch in six weeks (3:52:46) – Best Overwatch heroes (4:01:16) – The challenge of matchmaking (4:04:40) – Rust (4:15:01) – Why Jeff left Blizzard (4:37:14) – Diablo IV (4:38:42) – Getting back to making video games (4:47:38) – The Legend of California (5:01:23) – Greatest video game of all time (5:09:30) – AI and future of video games PODCAST LINKS: – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr – Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
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  #492 – Rick Beato: Greatest Guitarists of All Time, History & Future of Music 01.03.2026 2h 42min

  Rick Beato is a music educator, interviewer, producer, songwriter, and a true multi-instrument musician, playing guitar, bass, cello & piano. His incredible YouTube channel celebrates great musicians & musical ideas, and helps millions of people fall in love with great music all over again. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep492-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript:https://lexfridman.com/rick-beato-transcriptCONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactEPISODE LINKS: Rick’s YouTube: https://youtube.com/RickBeato Rick’s X: https://x.com/rickbeato Rick’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/rickbeato1 Rick’s Website: https://rickbeato.com Rick’s Ear Training: https://beatoeartraining.com The Beato Book: https://beatobook.comSPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:UPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics. Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lexBetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lexLMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexFin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lexShopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lexPerplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://perplexity.ai/OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (00:28) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (09:17) – Guitar solos (13:16) – Gypsy jazz and Django Reinhardt (14:48) – Bebop jazz (19:00) – Perfect pitch vs relative pitch (23:37) – Learning to play guitar (47:08) – Miles Davis (52:34) – Bass guitar (53:41) – Greatest guitar solos of all time (1:22:56) – 27 Club (1:27:37) – Elton John (1:30:51) – Metallica (1:35:21) – Tom Waits (1:41:12) – Greatest rock stars (1:44:35) – Beethoven (1:51:10) – Bach (1:54:01) – AI in music (2:07:52) – Sabrina Carpenter (2:11:23) – YouTube copyright strikes (2:16:59) – Spotify (2:27:51) – Guitars (2:32:13) – Advice PODCAST LINKS: – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr – Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
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  #491 – OpenClaw: The Viral AI Agent that Broke the Internet – Peter Steinberger 12.02.2026 3h 25min

  Peter Steinberger is the creator of OpenClaw, an open-source AI agent framework that’s the fastest-growing project in GitHub history. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep491-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript:https://lexfridman.com/peter-steinberger-transcriptCONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactEPISODE LINKS: Peter’s X: https://x.com/steipete Peter’s GitHub: https://github.com/steipete Peter’s Website: https://steipete.com Peter’s LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/steipete OpenClaw Website: https://openclaw.ai OpenClaw GitHub: https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw OpenClaw Discord: https://discord.gg/openclawSPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://perplexity.ai/Quo: Phone system (calls, texts, contacts) for businesses. Go to https://quo.com/lexCodeRabbit: AI-powered code reviews. Go to https://coderabbit.ai/lexFin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lexBlitzy: AI agent for large enterprise codebases. Go to https://blitzy.com/lexShopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lexLMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexOUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (03:51) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (15:29) – OpenClaw origin story (18:48) – Mind-blowing moment (28:15) – Why OpenClaw went viral (32:12) – Self-modifying AI agent (36:57) – Name-change drama (54:07) – Moltbook saga (1:02:26) – OpenClaw security concerns (1:11:07) – How to code with AI agents (1:42:02) – Programming setup (1:48:45) – GPT Codex 5.3 vs Claude Opus 4.6 (1:57:52) – Best AI agent for programming (2:19:52) – Life story and career advice (2:23:49) – Money and happiness (2:27:41) – Acquisition offers from OpenAI and Meta (2:44:51) – How OpenClaw works (2:56:09) – AI slop (3:02:13) – AI agents will replace 80% of apps (3:10:50) – Will AI replace programmers? (3:22:50) – Future of OpenClaw community Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
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  #490 – State of AI in 2026: LLMs, Coding, Scaling Laws, China, Agents, GPUs, AGI 01.02.2026 4h 39min

  Nathan Lambert and Sebastian Raschka are machine learning researchers, engineers, and educators. Nathan is the post-training lead at the Allen Institute for AI (Ai2) and the author of The RLHF Book. Sebastian Raschka is the author of Build a Large Language Model (From Scratch) and Build a Reasoning Model (From Scratch). Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep490-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript:https://lexfridman.com/ai-sota-2026-transcriptCONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactSPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:Box: Intelligent content management platform. Go to https://box.com/aiQuo: Phone system (calls, texts, contacts) for businesses. Go to https://quo.com/lexUPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics. Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lexFin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lexShopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lexCodeRabbit: AI-powered code reviews. Go to https://coderabbit.ai/lexLMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexPerplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://perplexity.ai/OUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (01:39) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (16:29) – China vs US: Who wins the AI race? (25:11) – ChatGPT vs Claude vs Gemini vs Grok: Who is winning? (36:11) – Best AI for coding (43:02) – Open Source vs Closed Source LLMs (54:41) – Transformers: Evolution of LLMs since 2019 (1:02:38) – AI Scaling Laws: Are they dead or still holding? (1:18:45) – How AI is trained: Pre-training, Mid-training, and Post-training (1:51:51) – Post-training explained: Exciting new research directions in LLMs (2:12:43) – Advice for beginners on how to get into AI development & research (2:35:36) – Work culture in AI (72+ hour weeks) (2:39:22) – Silicon Valley bubble (2:43:19) – Text diffusion models and other new research directions (2:49:01) – Tool use (2:53:17) – Continual learning (2:58:39) – Long context (3:04:54) – Robotics (3:14:04) – Timeline to AGI (3:21:20) – Will AI replace programmers? (3:39:51) – Is the dream of AGI dying? (3:46:40) – How AI will make money? (3:51:02) – Big acquisitions in 2026 (3:55:34) – Future of OpenAI, Anthropic, Google DeepMind, xAI, Meta (4:08:08) – Manhattan Project for AI (4:14:42) – Future of NVIDIA, GPUs, and AI compute clusters (4:22:48) – Future of human civilization Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
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  #489 – Paul Rosolie: Uncontacted Tribes in the Amazon Jungle 13.01.2026 3h 14min

  Paul Rosolie is a naturalist, explorer, author of a new book titled Junglekeeper, and is someone who has dedicated his life to protecting the Amazon rainforest. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep489-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript:https://lexfridman.com/paul-rosolie-3-transcriptCONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactEPISODE LINKS: Junglekeeper (new book): https://amzn.to/4q7vpAp Paul’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/paulrosolie Junglekeepers Website: https://junglekeepers.org Paul’s Website: https://paulrosolie.com Mother of God (book): https://amzn.to/3ww2ob1SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://perplexity.ai/BetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lexLMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexShopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lexFin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lexMiro: Online collaborative whiteboard platform. Go to https://miro.com/MasterClass: Online classes from world-class experts. Go to https://masterclass.com/lexpodOUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (02:34) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (12:00) – Uncontacted tribes in the Amazon Jungle (19:46) – Intense new encounter (42:52) – Never-before-seen footage of tribe warriors (56:08) – The mysteries of the jungle (1:10:43) – Tribe’s diet: Monkeys, turtles, and turtle eggs (1:20:19) – Jane Goodall (1:26:31) – Advice for young people (1:35:45) – Cartel, Narco-traffickers & assassination attempts (1:57:45) – Climbing the giant tree (2:08:43) – Giant anaconda (2:26:01) – Rescuing a spider monkey (2:32:05) – Dangerous animal encounters (2:42:13) – Writing, journaling, and great writer inspirations PODCAST LINKS: – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr – Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
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  #488 – Infinity, Paradoxes that Broke Mathematics, Gödel Incompleteness & the Multiverse – Joel David Hamkins 31.12.2025 4h 5min

  Joel David Hamkins is a mathematician and philosopher specializing in set theory, the foundations of mathematics, and the nature of infinity, and he’s the #1 highest-rated user on MathOverflow. He is also the author of several books, including Proof and the Art of Mathematics and Lectures on the Philosophy of Mathematics. And he has a great blog called Infinitely More. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep488-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript:https://lexfridman.com/joel-david-hamkins-transcriptCONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactEPISODE LINKS: Joel’s X: https://x.com/JDHamkins Joel’s Website: https://jdh.hamkins.org Joel’s Substack: https://www.infinitelymore.xyz Joel’s MathOverflow: https://mathoverflow.net/users/1946/joel-david-hamkins Joel’s Papers: https://jdh.hamkins.org/publications Joel’s Books: Lectures on the Philosophy of Mathematics: https://amzn.to/3MThaAt Proof and the Art of Mathematics: https://amzn.to/3YACc9ASPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:Perplexity: AI-powered answer engine. Go to https://www.perplexity.ai/Fin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lexMiro: Online collaborative whiteboard platform. Go to https://miro.com/CodeRabbit: AI-powered code reviews. Go to https://coderabbit.ai/lexChevron: Reliable energy for data centers. Go to https://chevron.com/powerShopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lexLMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexMasterClass: Online classes from world-class experts. Go to https://masterclass.com/lexpodOUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (01:58) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (15:40) – Infinity & paradoxes (1:02:50) – Russell’s paradox (1:15:57) – Gödel’s incompleteness theorems (1:33:28) – Truth vs proof (1:44:52) – The Halting Problem (2:00:45) – Does infinity exist? (2:18:19) – MathOverflow (2:22:12) – The Continuum Hypothesis (2:31:58) – Hardest problems in mathematics (2:41:25) – Mathematical multiverse (3:00:18) – Surreal numbers (3:10:55) – Conway’s Game of Life (3:13:11) – Computability theory (3:23:04) – P vs NP (3:26:21) – Greatest mathematicians in history (3:40:05) – Infinite chess (3:58:24) – Most beautiful idea in mathematics Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
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  #487 – Irving Finkel: Deciphering Secrets of Ancient Civilizations & Flood Myths 12.12.2025 2h 14min

  Irving Finkel is a scholar of ancient languages and a longtime curator at the British Museum, renowned for his expertise in Mesopotamian history and cuneiform writing. He specializes in reading and interpreting cuneiform inscriptions, including tablets from Sumerian, Akkadian, Babylonian, and Assyrian contexts. He became widely known for studying a tablet with a Mesopotamian flood story that predates the biblical Noah narrative, which he presented in his book “The Ark Before Noah” and in a documentary that involved building a circular ark based on the tablet’s technical instructions. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep487-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript:https://lexfridman.com/irving-finkel-transcriptCONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactEPISODE LINKS: Irving’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/drirvingfinkel/ The Ark Before Noah (book): https://amzn.to/4j2U0DW Irving Lectures Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLYXwZvOwHjVcFUi9iEqirkXRaCUJdXGha British Museum Video Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL0LQM0SAx603A6p5EJ9DVcESqQReT7QyK British Museum Website: https://www.britishmuseum.org/ The Great Diary Project: https://thegreatdiaryproject.co.uk/SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lexMiro: Online collaborative whiteboard platform. Go to https://miro.com/Chevron: Reliable energy for data centers. Go to https://chevron.com/powerLMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexAG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drink. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lexOUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (00:43) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (09:53) – Origins of human language (15:59) – Cuneiform (23:12) – Controversial theory about Göbekli Tepe (34:23) – How to write and speak Cuneiform (39:42) – Primitive human language (41:26) – Development of writing systems (42:20) – Decipherment of Cuneiform (54:51) – Limits of language (59:51) – Art of translation (1:05:01) – Gods (1:10:25) – Ghosts (1:20:13) – Ancient flood stories (1:30:21) – Noah’s Ark (1:41:44) – The Royal Game of Ur (1:54:43) – British Museum (2:02:08) – Evolution of human civilization Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
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  #486 – Michael Levin: Hidden Reality of Alien Intelligence & Biological Life 30.11.2025 3h 27min

  Michael Levin is a biologist at Tufts University working on novel ways to understand and control complex pattern formation in biological systems. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep486-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript:https://lexfridman.com/michael-levin-2-transcriptCONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactEPISODE LINKS: Michael Levin’s X: https://x.com/drmichaellevin Michael Levin’s Website: https://drmichaellevin.org Michael Levin’s Papers: https://drmichaellevin.org/publications/ – Biological Robots: https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.00880 – Classical Sorting Algorithms: https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.05375 – Aging as a Morphostasis Defect: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38636560/ – TAME: https://arxiv.org/abs/2201.10346 – Synthetic Living Machines: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/scirobotics.abf1571SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lexCodeRabbit: AI-powered code reviews. Go to https://coderabbit.ai/lexLMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexUPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics. Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lexMiro: Online collaborative whiteboard platform. Go to https://miro.com/MasterClass: Online classes from world-class experts. Go to https://masterclass.com/lexpodOUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (00:29) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (10:09) – Biological intelligence (18:42) – Living vs non-living organisms (23:55) – Origin of life (27:40) – The search for alien life (on Earth) (1:00:44) – Creating life in the lab – Xenobots and Anthrobots (1:13:46) – Memories and ideas are living organisms (1:27:26) – Reality is an illusion: The brain is an interface to a hidden reality (2:13:13) – Unexpected Intelligence in sorting algorithms (2:38:51) – Can aging be reversed? (2:42:41) – Mind uploading (3:01:22) – Alien intelligence (3:16:17) – Advice for young people (3:22:46) – Questions for AGI Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
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  #485 – David Kirtley: Nuclear Fusion, Plasma Physics, and the Future of Energy 17.11.2025 2h 45min

  David Kirtley is a nuclear fusion engineer and CEO of Helion Energy, a company working on building the world’s first commercial fusion power plant by 2028. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep485-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript:https://lexfridman.com/david-kirtley-transcriptCONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactEPISODE LINKS: David’s X: https://x.com/dekirtley David’s LinkedIn: https://bit.ly/4qX0KXp Helion: https://www.helionenergy.com/ Helion’s YouTube: https://youtube.com/HelionEnergySPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:UPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics. Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lexFin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lexMiro: Online collaborative whiteboard platform. Go to https://miro.com/LMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexBetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lexShopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lexOUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (03:00) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (11:35) – Nuclear fission vs fusion (21:35) – Physics of E=mc^2 (26:50) – Is nuclear fusion safe? (32:11) – Chernobyl (38:38) – Geopolitics (40:33) – Extreme scenarios (47:28) – How nuclear fusion works (1:20:20) – Extreme temperatures (1:25:21) – Fusion control and simulation (1:37:15) – Electricity from fusion (2:11:20) – First fusion power plant in 2028 (2:18:13) – Energy needs of GPU clusters (2:28:38) – Kardashev scale (2:36:33) – Fermi Paradox PODCAST LINKS: – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr – Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
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  #484 – Dan Houser: GTA, Red Dead Redemption, Rockstar, Absurd & Future of Gaming 31.10.2025 2h 54min

  Dan Houser is co-founder of Rockstar Games and is a legendary creative mind behind Grand Theft Auto (GTA) and Red Dead Redemption series of video games. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep484-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript:https://lexfridman.com/dan-houser-transcriptCONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactEPISODE LINKS: Absurd Adventures: https://absurdventures.com A Better Paradise: https://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/B0FCYSK8VD American Caper: https://absurdventures.com/americancaperSPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:Box: Intelligent content management platform. Go to https://box.com/aiUPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics. Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lexCodeRabbit: AI-powered code reviews. Go to https://coderabbit.ai/lexMiro: Online collaborative whiteboard platform. Go to https://miro.com/Lindy: No-code AI agent builder. Go to https://go.lindy.ai/lexShopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lexLMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexOUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (01:29) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (11:32) – Greatest films of all time (23:45) – Making video games (26:36) – GTA 3 (29:55) – Open world video games (32:42) – Character creation (36:09) – Superintelligent AI in A Better Paradise (45:21) – Can LLMs write video games? (49:41) – Creating GTA 4 and GTA 5 (1:01:16) – Hard work and Rockstar’s culture of excellence (1:04:56) – GTA 6 (1:21:46) – Red Dead Redemption 2 (2:01:39) – DLCs for GTA and Red Dead Redemption (2:07:58) – Leaving Rockstar Games (2:17:22) – Greatest game of all time (2:22:10) – Life lessons from father (2:24:29) – Mortality (2:41:47) – Advice for young people (2:47:49) – Future of video games PODCAST LINKS: – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr – Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
• 
  #483 – Julia Shaw: Criminal Psychology of Murder, Serial Killers, Memory & Sex 14.10.2025 2h 48min

  Julia Shaw is a criminal psychologist and author who in her books explores human nature, including psychopathy, violent crime, the psychology of evil, police interrogation, false memory manipulation, deception detection, and human sexuality. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep483-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript:https://lexfridman.com/julia-shaw-transcriptCONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactEPISODE LINKS: Julia’s Instagram: https://instagram.com/drjuliashaw Julia’s Website: https://www.drjuliashaw.com/ Julia’s Linktree: https://linktr.ee/drjuliashaw Julia’s LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/in/drjuliashaw/ Julia’s Books: https://amzn.to/4mQBnTV Green Crime (US Book): https://amzn.to/4nLfSVE Green Crime (Canadian Book): https://amzn.to/47lBAdcSPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:Shopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lexBetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lexLMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexAG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drink. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lexOUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (01:00) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (08:16) – Dark Tetrad – Psychopathy, Narcissism, Machiavellianism, Sadism (29:23) – Serial killers (43:59) – Murder (51:51) – Lies and scams (56:38) – Jealousy (1:00:07) – Monogamy (1:05:20) – Sexuality (1:20:21) – Sexual fetishes (1:35:56) – Criminal psychology (1:39:04) – False memories (2:25:01) – Criminals destroying the planet (2:40:24) – Hope PODCAST LINKS: – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr – Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
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  #482 – Pavel Durov: Telegram, Freedom, Censorship, Money, Power & Human Nature 01.10.2025 4h 42min

  Pavel Durov is the founder and CEO of Telegram. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep482-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript:https://lexfridman.com/pavel-durov-transcriptCONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactEPISODE LINKS: Pavel’s Telegram: https://t.me/durov Pavel’s X: https://x.com/durov Telegram: https://telegram.org/ Telegram Contests: https://contest.com/SPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:Miro: Online collaborative whiteboard platform. Go to https://miro.com/UPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics. Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lexFin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lexLMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexShopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lexOUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (02:46) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (11:29) – Philosophy of freedom (14:37) – No alcohol (22:42) – No phone (28:38) – Discipline (49:50) – Telegram: Lean philosophy, privacy, and geopolitics (1:05:12) – Arrest in France (1:21:23) – Romanian elections (1:32:18) – Power and corruption (1:41:50) – Intense education (1:53:51) – Nikolai Durov (1:58:19) – Programming and video games (2:02:33) – VK origins & engineering (2:19:46) – Hiring a great team (2:29:02) – Telegram engineering & design (2:48:04) – Encryption (2:53:01) – Open source (2:57:48) – Edward Snowden (3:00:20) – Intelligence agencies (3:01:32) – Iran and Russia government pressure (3:04:41) – Apple (3:11:38) – Poisoning (3:43:53) – Money (3:52:45) – TON (4:02:35) – Bitcoin (4:05:34) – Two chairs dilemma (4:12:14) – Children (4:23:24) – Father (4:27:55) – Quantum immortality (4:34:27) – Kafka PODCAST LINKS: – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr – Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
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  #481 – Norman Ohler: Hitler, Nazis, Drugs, WW2, Blitzkrieg, LSD, MKUltra & CIA 19.09.2025 4h 31min

  Norman Ohler is a historian and author of “Blitzed: Drugs in the Third Reich,” a book that investigates the role of psychoactive drugs, particularly stimulants such as methamphetamine, in the military history of World War II. It is a book that two legendary historians Ian Kershaw and Antony Beevor give very high praise for its depth of research. Norman also wrote “Tripped: Nazi Germany, the CIA, and the Dawn of the Psychedelic Age”, and he is working on a new book “Stoned Sapiens” looking at the history of human civilization through the lens of drugs. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep481-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript:https://lexfridman.com/norman-ohler-transcriptCONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactEPISODE LINKS: Stoned Sapiens Substack: https://substack.com/@stonedsapiens Norman’s X: https://x.com/normanohler Norman’s Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/normanohler Norman’s YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@Norman-Ohler Norman’s Website: https://www.normanohler.de Norman’s books: https://amzn.to/46uNS18 Blitzed: https://amzn.to/4mmY2XC The Bohemians: https://amzn.to/3KubPhK Tripped: https://amzn.to/4nEy7eXSPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:UPLIFT Desk: Standing desks and office ergonomics. Go to https://upliftdesk.com/lexFin: AI agent for customer service. Go to https://fin.ai/lexShopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lexLMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexHampton: Community for high-growth founders and CEOs. Go to https://joinhampton.com/lexOUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (01:09) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (09:00) – Drugs in post-WWI Germany (19:18) – Nazi rise to power (23:45) – Hitler’s drug use (29:37) – Response to historian criticism (46:16) – Pervitin (1:00:15) – Blitzkrieg and meth (1:18:52) – Erwin Rommel (Crystal Fox) (1:23:02) – Dunkirk (1:31:06) – Hitler’s drug addiction (1:47:03) – Methamphetamine (1:48:57) – Invasion of Soviet Union (2:07:54) – Cocaine (2:16:49) – Hitler’s last days (2:36:48) – German resistance against Nazis (2:58:59) – Totalitarianism (3:04:09) – Stoned Sapiens – Drugs in human history (3:19:20) – Religion (3:30:09) – LSD, CIA, and MKUltra (3:55:39) – Writing on drugs (4:08:40) – Berlin night clubs (4:19:14) – Greatest book ever written Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
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  #480 – Dave Hone: T-Rex, Dinosaurs, Extinction, Evolution, and Jurassic Park 04.09.2025 3h 41min

  Dave Hone is a paleontologist, expert on dinosaurs, co-host of the Terrible Lizards podcast, and author of numerous scientific papers and books on the behavior and ecology of dinosaurs. He lectures at Queen Mary University of London on topics of Ecology, Zoology, Biology, and Evolution. Thank you for listening ❤ Check out our sponsors: https://lexfridman.com/sponsors/ep480-sc See below for timestamps, transcript, and to give feedback, submit questions, contact Lex, etc. Transcript:https://lexfridman.com/dave-hone-transcriptCONTACT LEX:Feedback – give feedback to Lex: https://lexfridman.com/surveyAMA – submit questions, videos or call-in: https://lexfridman.com/amaHiring – join our team: https://lexfridman.com/hiringOther – other ways to get in touch: https://lexfridman.com/contactEPISODE LINKS: Dave’s Website: https://www.davehone.co.uk/ Dave’s Books: https://amzn.to/4pbk828 Terrible Lizards Podcast: https://terriblelizards.libsyn.com/ Dave’s Blog: https://archosaurmusings.wordpress.com/ Dave’s Academic Website: https://www.qmul.ac.uk/sbbs/staff/davidhone.htmlSPONSORS: To support this podcast, check out our sponsors & get discounts:Lindy: No-code AI agent builder. Go to https://go.lindy.ai/lexBetterHelp: Online therapy and counseling. Go to https://betterhelp.com/lexShopify: Sell stuff online. Go to https://shopify.com/lexLMNT: Zero-sugar electrolyte drink mix. Go to https://drinkLMNT.com/lexAG1: All-in-one daily nutrition drink. Go to https://drinkag1.com/lexOUTLINE: (00:00) – Introduction (00:22) – Sponsors, Comments, and Reflections (07:18) – T-Rex’s size & biomechanics (31:00) – T-Rex’s hunting strategies (44:07) – History of dinosaurs on Earth (1:04:38) – $31.8 million T-Rex fossil (1:17:44) – T-Rex’s skull and bone-crushing bite force (1:36:33) – What Jurassic Park got wrong (1:54:52) – Evolution and sexual selection (2:15:26) – Spinosaurus (2:26:02) – What Jurassic Park got right (2:33:35) – T-Rex’s intelligence (2:43:34) – Cannibalism among T-Rex (2:49:05) – Extinction of the dinosaurs (3:06:15) – Dragons (3:22:39) – Birds are dinosaurs (3:33:23) – Future of paleontology PODCAST LINKS: – Podcast Website: https://lexfridman.com/podcast – Apple Podcasts: https://apple.co/2lwqZIr – Spotify: https://spoti.fi/2nEwCF8 – RSS: https://lexfridman.com/feed/podcast/ – Podcast Playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLrAXtmErZgOdP_8GztsuKi9nrraNbKKp4 – Clips Channel: https://www.youtube.com/lexclips Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.