CrashCourse

Episódios

• 
  The Nervous System - CrashCourse Biology #26 07.10.2026 16min

  Hank begins a series of videos on organ systems with a look at the nervous system and all of the things that it is responsible for in the body. References:http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/actionpot.htmlhttp://brainconnection.positscience.com/topics/?main=fa/zebrashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin_sheath_gaphttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/nervecellsandnerves/nerve_cells_and_nerves.shtmlCrash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  How Do We Produce Food? Crash Course Geography #43 06.10.2026 15min

  Over the millennia, every region on Earth has developed its own successful agricultural ecosystem from flat fields of grain and mountainside rice terraces to coastal fish farms and goat herding. Today, we’re going to break down agricultural systems into three scales: subsistence, small-scale, and industrial agriculture. And we’ll take a look at how a place's history plays a huge role in the system we see today as we follow the story of agriculture in the Philippines. SOURCESPhilippinesDavila, F. (2018). Human Ecology and Food Systems: Insights from the Philippines. Human Ecology Review, 24(1), 23–50. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26506660Theresa Ventura. (2016). From Small Farms to Progressive Plantations: The Trajectory of Land Reform in the American Colonial Philippines, 1900–1916. Agricultural History, 90(4), 459–483. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3098/ah.2016.090.4.459 The development and agriculture paradigms transformed: Reflections from the small-scale organic rice fields of the Philippines Robin Broad & John Cavanagh https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03066150.2012.722082  Colonial historyhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Philippinesasianstudies.org/publications/eaa/archives/the-philippines-an-overview-of-the-colonial-era/Agribusinesshttp://asianfarmers.org/afaresearches0876dlsj/2009-09-agribusiness.pdfhttps://ifranchise.ph/multinational-companies/Age of Farmershttps://philjournalsci.dost.gov.ph/images/pdf/pjs_pdf/vol149no2/aging_filipino_rice_farmers_.pdfhttps://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/191635/declining-farmer-population Land Tenurehttps://cadasta.org/resources/white-papers/strengthening-land-tenure-informal-ettings/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2008/3/28/asian-rice-crisis-starts-to-bitehttps://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2019/12/30/growing-pains-southeast-asian-farmers-need-cheaper-agritech Climate Changehttps://theconversation.com/in-philippines-climate-change-and-conflict-both-conspire-against-rural-women-77729https://www.bbc.com/future/bespoke/follow-the-food/a-staple-food-to-withstand-disaster/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-45828150https://www.irri.org/climate-change-ready-riceAgroecologyAltieri, M.A., Funes-Monzote, F.R. & Petersen, P. Agroecologically efficient agricultural systems for smallholder farmers: contributions to food sovereignty. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 32, 1–13 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-011-0065-6 https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs13593-011-0065-6#citeas http://safsc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Agroecology-small-farms-and-food-sovereignty.pdf Agroecology – writ large; https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-007-5449-2_1#Abs1 Eric Holt-Giménez & Miguel A. Altieri (2013) Agroecology, Food Sovereignty, and the New Green Revolution, Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, 37:1, 90-102, DOI: 10.1080/10440046.2012.716388http://safsc.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/Agroecology-small-farms-and-food-sovereignty.pdfWater Footprinthttps://foodprint.org/issues/the-water-footprint-of-food/https://www.fao.org/3/ap527e/ap527e.pdfWatch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App! Download here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZoDownload here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJCrash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Dave Freeman, Hasan Jamal, DL Singfield, Lisa Owen, Jeremy Mysliwiec, Shannon McCone, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Erin Switzer, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Stacey Gillespie (Stacey J), Jaime Willis, Alexis B, Burt Humburg, Aziz Y, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, P Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Outtakes #1: Crash Course Government and Politics 06.10.2026 7min

  Today we look back on our first 10 episodes of Crash Course Government and Politics! But rest assured, no lines will be flubbed - or at least Craig seems to think so. Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  The Secret Language of Cults: Crash Course Lecture 06.10.2026 52min

  Words hold tremendous power. Cult leaders know that all too well — but so do fitness instructors, celebrities, and corporate leaders. In our world today, we are increasingly exposed to, and influenced by, complicated mazes of buzzwords, mantras, euphemisms, clichés, and redefinitions: in short, language that’s just a little bit cultish. Social commentator and author Amanda Montell presents this Crash Course lecture about linguistics, culture, and belonging. What’s a Crash Course Lecture?While traditional Crash Courses on our channel break open an entire school subject, a Crash Course lecture tackles a single topic in-depth. Each lecture shares the perspective of a scholar, journalist, or thinker.Introduction: A Story of Words 00:00Cult-ish 1:22Children of Synanon 3:33The Cultish Past 7:22The Cultish Present 12:55Incantations 19:00Eyes Wide Open 26:10Under the Illusion 32:19Exit Strategy 37:14The Prestige 41:11Sources:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1xym1NqBi3DhRNwag0kmvtz3Cry4pMpRe8mAOJLSFY8M/edit?tab=t.0***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:EllenBryn, Johnathan Williams, Brandon Thomas, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Barbara Pettersen, Emily Beazley, Rie Ohta, Evan Nelson, Elizabeth LaBelle, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Allison Wood, UwU, oranjeez, Leah H., David Fanska, SpaceRangerWes, Katie Hoban, Roger Harms, Andrew Woods, Gina Mancuso, Michael Maher, Jason Terpstra, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Mitch Gresko, Reed Spilmann, Quinn Harden, Shruti S, DexcilaDou, Thomas Sully, Matthew Fredericksen, Jack Hart, Kevin Knupp, Katrix , Toni Miles, Thomas, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Siobhán, Alan Bridgeman, team dorsey, Emily T, Triad Terrace, Jason Buster, Jennifer Killen, Wai Jack Sin, Les Aker, John Lee, Joseph Ruf, Laurel Stevens, Katie Dean, Nathan Taylor, Steve Segreto, Stephen McCandless, Alex Hackman, Ken Penttinen, Matt Curls, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Krystle Young, Constance Urist, Eric Koslow, Scott Harrison, ClareG, Samantha, Ian Dundore, Kristina D Knight, Ken Davidian, Perry Joyce, Jason Rostoker, Bernardo Garza, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Trevin Beattie, Liz Wdow, Pietro Gagliardi, Barrett Nuzum, Rizwan Kassim, Stephen Akuffo, Duncan W Moore IV, Breanna Bosso, Tanner Hedrick, Caleb Weeks, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Erminio Di Lodovico, Luke Sluder__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseBluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.socialCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  The Seven Years War: Crash Course World History #26 06.10.2026 16min

  In which John teaches you about the Seven Years' War, which may have lasted nine years. Or as many as 23. It was a very confusing war. The Seven Years War was a global war, fought on five continents, which is kind of a lot. John focuses on the war as it happened in the Americas, Asia, and Africa. the "great" European powers were the primary combatants, but they fought just about everywhere. Of course, this being a history course, the outcomes of this war still resonate in our lives today. The Seven Years' war determined the direction of the British Empire and led pretty directly to the subject of Episode 28, the American Revolution. Chapters:Introduction: War 00:00The Seven Years War: When, Where, and Why 1:43The British vs. the French 2:52Native American Participation in The Seven Years War 4:04Fighting in the Caribbean, West Africa, and India 6:16An Open Letter to Robert Clive 8:30The Outcome of the Seven Years War 9:47Credits 11:29Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Introduction to Federal Indian Law: Ep 16 of Crash Course Native American History 06.10.2026 13min

  What does federal Indian law look like today? In this episode of Crash Course Native American History, we’ll learn how this sprawling, complicated body of law affects individual people, tribes, and their communities in the 21st century.Introduction: A Tangled Mess 00:00Federal Indian Law 0:25Individual Level 2:23Missing & Murdered Indigenous Women 3:25Community 4:48Trust Responsibility 6:04Land Level 8:02Review & Credits 9:34Sources:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g1BpQk_2qXtFeQBffoAT-rrogcKRaA2eNjeRCpmCrJ8/edit?usp=sharing Want to know more about how this series was made? Learn more here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/17yp3u28s40TdjyrJniIf4U9YA8wPtvQ1g1B-HSHQ2Q4/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.6vtzps565m2***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:EllenBryn, Johnathan Williams, Brandon Thomas, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Barbara Pettersen, Emily Beazley, Rie Ohta, Evan Nelson, Elizabeth LaBelle, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Allison Wood, UwU, oranjeez, Leah H., David Fanska, SpaceRangerWes, Katie Hoban, Roger Harms, Andrew Woods, Gina Mancuso, Michael Maher, Jason Terpstra, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Mitch Gresko, Reed Spilmann, Quinn Harden, Shruti S, DexcilaDou, Thomas Sully, Matthew Fredericksen, Jack Hart, Kevin Knupp, Katrix , Toni Miles, Thomas, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Siobhán, Alan Bridgeman, team dorsey, Emily T, Triad Terrace, Jason Buster, Jennifer Killen, Wai Jack Sin, Les Aker, John Lee, Joseph Ruf, Laurel Stevens, Katie Dean, Nathan Taylor, Steve Segreto, Stephen McCandless, Alex Hackman, Ken Penttinen, Matt Curls, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Krystle Young, Constance Urist, Eric Koslow, Scott Harrison, ClareG, Samantha, Ian Dundore, Kristina D Knight, Ken Davidian, Perry Joyce, Jason Rostoker, Bernardo Garza, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Trevin Beattie, Liz Wdow, Pietro Gagliardi, Barrett Nuzum, Rizwan Kassim, Stephen Akuffo, Duncan W Moore IV, Breanna Bosso, Tanner Hedrick, Caleb Weeks, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Erminio Di Lodovico, Luke Sluder__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseBluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.socialCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Animal Behavior - CrashCourse Biology #25 06.10.2026 14min

  Hank and his cat Cameo help teach us about animal behavior and how we can discover why animals do the things they do.References: http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/actionpot.htmlhttp://brainconnection.positscience.com/topics/?main=fa/zebrashttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin_sheath_gaphttp://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/nervecellsandnerves/nerve_cells_and_nerves.shtmlCrash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  The Era of Native Urban Relocation: Ep 17 of Crash Course Native American History 06.10.2026 15min

  What is life like for Natives living in cities, and how did they get there? In this episode of Crash Course Native American History, we’ll learn about the unique challenges for Natives in urban areas—and their important contributions to their communities.Introduction: Mohawk Ironworkers 00:00Relocation & Termination 0:32Relocation Policies 1:07Counting Natives in Cities 3:37Pan-Indianism 6:59Effects of Pan-Indianism 8:34Review & Credits 10:12Sources:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g1BpQk_2qXtFeQBffoAT-rrogcKRaA2eNjeRCpmCrJ8/edit?usp=sharing Want to know more about how this series was made? Learn more here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/17yp3u28s40TdjyrJniIf4U9YA8wPtvQ1g1B-HSHQ2Q4/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.6vtzps565m2***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:EllenBryn, Johnathan Williams, Brandon Thomas, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Barbara Pettersen, Emily Beazley, Rie Ohta, Evan Nelson, Elizabeth LaBelle, Dalton Williams, Chelsea S, Allison Wood, UwU, oranjeez, Leah H., David Fanska, SpaceRangerWes, Katie Hoban, Roger Harms, Andrew Woods, Gina Mancuso, Michael Maher, Jason Terpstra, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Mitch Gresko, Reed Spilmann, Quinn Harden, Shruti S, DexcilaDou, Thomas Sully, Matthew Fredericksen, Jack Hart, Kevin Knupp, Katrix , Toni Miles, Thomas, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Siobhán, Alan Bridgeman, team dorsey, Emily T, Triad Terrace, Jason Buster, Jennifer Killen, Wai Jack Sin, Les Aker, John Lee, Joseph Ruf, Laurel Stevens, Katie Dean, Nathan Taylor, Steve Segreto, Stephen McCandless, Alex Hackman, Ken Penttinen, Matt Curls, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Krystle Young, Constance Urist, Eric Koslow, Scott Harrison, ClareG, Samantha, Ian Dundore, Kristina D Knight, Ken Davidian, Perry Joyce, Jason Rostoker, Bernardo Garza, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Trevin Beattie, Liz Wdow, Pietro Gagliardi, Barrett Nuzum, Rizwan Kassim, Stephen Akuffo, Duncan W Moore IV, Breanna Bosso, Tanner Hedrick, Caleb Weeks, Evol Hong, Tandy Ratliff, Erminio Di Lodovico, Luke Sluder__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseBluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.socialCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Aromaticity, Hückel's Rule, and Chemical Equivalence in NMR: Crash Course Organic Chemistry #36 06.10.2026 17min

  If you’ve been paying attention so far in this series, you’ve probably heard of benzene. This molecule is flat, cyclic, and belongs to a special class of compounds known as aromatics. In this episode of Crash Course Organic Chemistry, we’ll learn all about aromatic compounds, their properties, reactivities, and some of the most important examples, like benzene. We’ll also revisit our friend NMR, and hear about some dubious science history!Episode Sources:Browne, M., 1988. THE BENZENE RING: DREAM ANALYSIS. [online] Nytimes.com. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/16/science/the-benzene-ring-dream-analysis.htmlLonsdale Kathleen, 1929. The structure of the benzene ring in C6(CH3)6. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A123494–515 http://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1929.0081Series Sources:Brown, W. H., Iverson, B. L., Ansyln, E. V., Foote, C., Organic Chemistry; 8th ed.; Cengage Learning, Boston, 2018.Bruice, P. Y., Organic Chemistry, 7th ed.; Pearson Education, Inc., United States, 2014.Clayden, J., Greeves, N., Warren., S., Organic Chemistry, 2nd ed.; Oxford University Press, New York, 2012.Jones Jr., M.; Fleming, S. A., Organic Chemistry, 5th ed.; W. W. Norton & Company, New York, 2014. Klein., D., Organic Chemistry; 1st ed.; John Wiley & Sons, United States, 2012.Louden M., Organic Chemistry; 5th ed.; Roberts and Company Publishers, Colorado, 2009.McMurry, J., Organic Chemistry, 9th ed.; Cengage Learning, Boston, 2016.Smith, J. G., Organic chemistry; 6th ed.; McGraw-Hill Education, New York, 2020.Wade., L. G., Organic Chemistry; 8th ed.; Pearson Education, Inc., United States, 2013.***Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App! Download here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZoDownload here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJCrash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Shannon McCone, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Brian Zachariah, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Oscar Pinto-Reyes, Erin Nicole, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel A Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Jaime Willis, Krystle Young, Michael Dowling, Alexis B, Rene Duedam, Burt Humburg, Aziz, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Alan Bridgeman, Rachel Creager, Jennifer Smith, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Jennifer Dineen, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Jason Rostoker, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, ThatAmericanClare, Rizwan Kassim, Sam Ferguson, Alex Hackman, Eric Prestemon, Jirat, Katie Dean, TheDaemonCatJr, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Matthew, Justin, Jessica Wode, Mark, Caleb Weeks__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseTumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourseCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  The Spanish Empire, Silver, and Runaway Inflation: Crash Course World History #25 06.10.2026 14min

  In which John Green explores how Spain went from being a middling European power to one of the most powerful empires on Earth, thanks to their plunder of the New World in the 16th and 17th centuries. Learn how Spain managed to destroy the two biggest pre-Columbian civilizations, mine a mountain made of silver, mishandle their economy, and lose it all by the mid-1700s. Come along for the roller coaster ride with Charles I (he was also Charles V), Philip II, Atahualpa, Moctezuma, Hernán Cortés, and Francisco Pizarro as Spain rises and falls, and takes two empires and China down with them.Chapters:Introduction 00:00The Aztec Civilization 0:45An Open Letter to Human Sacrifice 2:00The Inca Civilizaiton 2:52Spanish Conquistadors in South America 3:44Spanish Silver Mines in the Americas 5:21Charles V and Sons 6:09Silver in China 7:43Credits 10:03Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Outtakes #5: Crash Course Psychology 06.10.2026 5min

  Our final Crash Course Psychology Outtakes. Please enjoy Hank being Hank.--Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  The History of Alaskan and Hawaiian Statehood: Ep 18 of Crash Course Native American History 06.10.2026 15min

  Alaska and Hawai'i didn’t become U.S. states until 1959—so what did that mean for the Native people who were living there first? In this episode of Crash Course Native American History, we’ll learn how Alaska Natives’ and Native Hawaiians’ history with the U.S. has taken its own distinct course.Introduction: Something Weird 00:00Alaska Natives 0:51Alaskan Colonization 1:49Alaskan Statehood 3:48The Kanaka Maoli 6:02Hawaiian Colonization 7:06Hawaiian Statehood 8:37Review & Credits 10:30Sources:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g1BpQk_2qXtFeQBffoAT-rrogcKRaA2eNjeRCpmCrJ8/edit?usp=sharing Want to know more about how this series was made? Learn more here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/17yp3u28s40TdjyrJniIf4U9YA8wPtvQ1g1B-HSHQ2Q4/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.6vtzps565m2***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:DexcilaDou, David Fanska, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Emily Beazley, Emily T, Elizabeth LaBelle, Breanna Bosso, Chelsea S, Barbara Pettersen, Jennifer Killen, Andrew Woods, Joseph Ruf, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Brandon Thomas, Bernardo Garza, Allison Wood, Jason Rostoker, Constance Urist, EllenBryn, Caleb Weeks, Evol Hong, Dalton Williams, Alex Hackman, Johnathan Williams, John Lee, Ian Dundore, Gina Mancuso, Erminio Di Lodovico, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Eric Koslow, Jack Hart, Barrett Nuzum, Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jason Buster, Alan Bridgeman, Duncan W Moore IV, ClareG, Katie Hoban, Mitch Gresko, Shruti S, Kevin Knupp, Katrix , Pietro Gagliardi, Stephen Akuffo, Les Aker, Krystle Young, Laurel Stevens, Tandy Ratliff, Roger Harms, Ken Penttinen, Martin G. Diller, Liz Wdow, SpaceRangerWes, Katie Dean, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, Quinn Harden, Michael Maher, Leah H., Ken Davidian, Steve Segreto, Matt Curls, Luke Sluder, Samantha, Stephen McCandless, Scott Harrison, Siobhán, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Perry Joyce, Nathan Taylor, Matthew Fredericksen, Kristina D Knight, Rizwan Kassim, Reed Spilmann, Tanner Hedrick, Toni Miles, Thomas Sully, team dorsey, Thomas, Wai Jack Sin, Trevin Beattie, Triad Terrace, UwU__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseBluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.socialCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Chordates - CrashCourse Biology #24 06.10.2026 16min

  Hank introduces us to ourselves by taking us on a journey through the fascinatingly diverse phyla known as chordata. And the next time someone asks you who you are, you can give them the facts: you're a mammalian amniotic tetrapodal sarcopterygian osteichthyen gnathostomal vertebrate cranial chordate.Table of Contents:1) Chordate Synapomorphies 1:042) Cephalachordata 1:203) Urochordata 3:164) Vertebrata 3:49a) Myxini 4:30b) Petromyzontida 4:51c) Chondrichthyes 5:32d) Osteichthyes 6:055) Biolography 7:296) Amphibia 9:027) Reptilia 9:478) Mammalia 10:57References:http://www.pbs.org/kcet/shapeoflife/animals/chordates.htmlhttp://faculty.fmcc.suny.edu/mcdarby/animals&plantsbook/animals/09-Basic-Chordates.htmhttp://prezi.com/8fhckoykznls/ap-bio-biodiversity-4-the-chordates/http://www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu/~sabedon/campbl34.htmhttp://www.ebiomedia.com/prod/BOchordates.htmlhttp://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/coelacanth/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/nature/anatomy-coelacanth.htmlhttp://au.ibtimes.com/articles/252869/20111120/latest-study-reveals-teeth-evolving-ancient-scales.htmThis video contains the following sounds from Freesound.org:"Moog_woodenBlocks.aiff" by FeenixxCrash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  A History of Indigenous Women with Lily Gladstone: Ep 19 of Crash Course Native American History 06.10.2026 17min

  Women have always played important roles in Native societies. In this episode of Crash Course Native American History, Lily Gladstone helps us unpack the ways Native women have shown up, as war heroes and peacemakers, and as matriarchs and activists.Introduction: Divine Women 00:00Matriarchal Societies 0:37Native Women at War 2:01Jikonsaseh 3:05Ideas about Gender 4:48Effects of Colonization 5:53Violence Against Women Today 8:08Native Activism 9:24Review & Credits 12:42Special thanks to "100 Years: One Woman's Fight for Justice" for use of their footage of Elouise Cobell / https://www.videoproject.org/100-Years.htmlSources:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g1BpQk_2qXtFeQBffoAT-rrogcKRaA2eNjeRCpmCrJ8/edit?usp=sharing Want to know more about how this series was made? Learn more here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/17yp3u28s40TdjyrJniIf4U9YA8wPtvQ1g1B-HSHQ2Q4/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.6vtzps565m2***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:DexcilaDou, David Fanska, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Emily Beazley, Emily T, Elizabeth LaBelle, Breanna Bosso, Chelsea S, Barbara Pettersen, Jennifer Killen, Andrew Woods, Joseph Ruf, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Brandon Thomas, Bernardo Garza, Allison Wood, Jason Rostoker, Constance Urist, EllenBryn, Caleb Weeks, Evol Hong, Dalton Williams, Alex Hackman, Johnathan Williams, John Lee, Ian Dundore, Gina Mancuso, Erminio Di Lodovico, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Eric Koslow, Jack Hart, Barrett Nuzum, Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jason Buster, Alan Bridgeman, Duncan W Moore IV, ClareG, Katie Hoban, Mitch Gresko, Shruti S, Kevin Knupp, Katrix , Pietro Gagliardi, Stephen Akuffo, Les Aker, Krystle Young, Laurel Stevens, Tandy Ratliff, Roger Harms, Ken Penttinen, Martin G. Diller, Liz Wdow, SpaceRangerWes, Katie Dean, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, Quinn Harden, Michael Maher, Leah H., Ken Davidian, Steve Segreto, Matt Curls, Luke Sluder, Samantha, Stephen McCandless, Scott Harrison, Siobhán, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Perry Joyce, Nathan Taylor, Matthew Fredericksen, Kristina D Knight, Rizwan Kassim, Reed Spilmann, Tanner Hedrick, Toni Miles, Thomas Sully, team dorsey, Thomas, Wai Jack Sin, Trevin Beattie, Triad Terrace, UwU__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseBluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.socialCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  The Atlantic Slave Trade: Crash Course World History #24 06.10.2026 15min

  In which John Green teaches you about one of the least funny subjects in history: slavery. John investigates when and where slavery originated, how it changed over the centuries, and how Europeans and colonists in the Americas arrived at the idea that people could own other people based on skin color. Slavery has existed as long as humans have had civilization, but the Atlantic Slave Trade was the height, or depth, of dehumanizing, brutal, chattel slavery. American slavery ended less than 150 years ago. In some parts of the world, it is still going on. So how do we reconcile that with modern life? In a desperate attempt at comic relief, Boba Fett makes an appearance.Learn more about the Transatlantic Slave Trade in Episode #1 of Crash Course Black American History here: https://youtu.be/S72vvfBTQwsChapters: Introduction 00:00The Atlantic Slave Trade 0:30The History of European Slave Trade 1:12How Africans Became Enslaved 1:54Living Conditions of Enslaved People 2:55An Open Letter to the Word 'Slave' 5:41What is the Definition of Slavery? 6:45Other Models of Slavery: Greek, Roman, Judeo-Christian, and Muslim 7:26Credits 10:35Resources:Inhuman Bondage by David Brion Davis: https://bit.ly/3vdSdTXUp From Slavery by Booker T Washington: https://bit.ly/3JJlxH4Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  The Earth: Crash Course Astronomy #11 06.10.2026 13min

  Phil starts the planet-by-planet tour of the solar system right here at home, Earth.Check out the Crash Course Astronomy solar system poster here: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster--Chapters:Introduction: The Earth 00:00Layers of Earth 1:25Continental Plates 3:01Why is the Earth's Core so Hot? 4:21Earth's Magnetic Field 5:10Earth's Atmosphere 5:58Atmospheric Pressure 7:30Liquid Water on Earth 7:51The Greenhouse Effect: CO2 in the Atmosphere 8:16Review 9:27--PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudiosFollow Phil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomerCrash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids--PHOTOS/VIDEOSPlanets:Mercury: http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap080116.htmlVenus: http://www.msss.com/all_projects/magellan.phpEarth: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=36019Mars: http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-mars.htmlJupiter: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/multimedia/pia04866.htmlSaturn: http://www.slate.com/content/dam/slate/blogs/bad_astronomy/2014/06/Ten%20Years%20at%20Saturn/cassini_ugarkovic_saturn.jpg.CROP.original-original.jpg [credit: Photo by NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute/Gordan Ugarkovic]Uranus: http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1998/35/image/a/Neptune: http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2014/05/15/neptune_voyager_images_updated_for_portrait_of_the_eighth_planet.htmlUlaan Tsutgalan waterfall: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkhon_River#mediaviewer/File:Ulaan-Tsutgalan-waterfall.jpg Perspective on a cloudy day: http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2014/09/05/clouds_from_space_photo_by_iss_astronaut_oleg_artemyev.html [credit: Oleg Artemyev]Rain droplets: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rain_droplets.jpgYellowston Mud Pot: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_bubble#mediaviewer/File:Yellowstone_mud_pot_p1090998.jpgSea otters holding hands: http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9D#mediaviewer/File:Sea_otters_holding_hands.jpgContinental Drift: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=73 [credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio]Mission to Bennu: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=11697 [credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab]http://www.es.ucsc.edu/~glatz/GarysImages/surf.gif [credit: San Diego Supercomputer Center / Nature]Excerpt from "Dynamic Earth" http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=11003 [credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center]Clouds: http://www.beachfrontbroll.com/2013/07/BrightSkyandClouds.htmlAurora Borealis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4YjCIoPHT0U [credit: Fotograf Göran Strand]Waves On Rocky Shore 1080 (2011): https://archive.org/details/wavesOnRockyShore-1080 A Year In The Life Of Earth’s CO2: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=11719 [credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center]NASA | 2014 Continues Long-Term Global Warming: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WtPkFBbJLMg Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Modern Tribal Governments Explained: Ep 20 of Crash Course Native American History 06.10.2026 13min

  How do tribal governments actually work? In this episode of Crash Course Native American History, we’ll explore how tribal governments have kept many of their qualities as sovereign, independent nations while adapting to operate in the 21st century.Introduction: Natives vs. Noem 00:00Tribal Governments 0:40 The Indian Reorganization Act 1:57Tribal Government Structure 3:53Responsibilities of Tribal Government 5:35The Dakota Access Pipeline 7:34Tribal Sovereignty Today 8:34Review & Credits 9:42Sources:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g1BpQk_2qXtFeQBffoAT-rrogcKRaA2eNjeRCpmCrJ8/edit?usp=sharing Want to know more about how this series was made? Learn more here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/17yp3u28s40TdjyrJniIf4U9YA8wPtvQ1g1B-HSHQ2Q4/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.6vtzps565m2***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:oranjeez, Jason Terpstra, Chelsea S, Alan Bridgeman, Roger Harms, DexcilaDou, Krystle Young, Allison Wood, Stephen Akuffo, Katrix , Gina Mancuso, Shruti S, Martin G. Diller, Matthew Fredericksen, Brandon Thomas, Breanna Bosso, Ken Davidian, UwU, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Samantha, David Fanska, Kristina D Knight, Andrew Woods, Elizabeth LaBelle, SpaceRangerWes, Matt Curls, Quinn Harden, EllenBryn, Johnathan Williams, Leah H., Laurel Stevens, Steve Segreto, Michael Maher, Liz Wdow, Toni Miles, Perry Joyce, Evan Nelson, Katie Hoban, Mitch Gresko, Kevin Knupp, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Tanner Hedrick, Emily Beazley, Jack Hart, Rie Ohta, Dalton Williams, Scott Harrison, Barbara Pettersen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Thomas Sully, Bernardo Garza, Jason Rostoker, Rizwan Kassim, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Emily T, Ian Dundore, Joseph Ruf, Alex Hackman, Thomas, Constance Urist, team dorsey, Stephen McCandless, Triad Terrace, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Luke Sluder, Eric Koslow, Katie Dean, Tandy Ratliff, Jennifer Killen, Jason Buster, Trevin Beattie, Wai Jack Sin, Caleb Weeks, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Les Aker, Barrett Nuzum, John Lee, Ken Penttinen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Pietro Gagliardi, ClareG, Duncan W Moore IV__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseBluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.socialCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Mineral Extraction: Crash Course Geography #44 06.10.2026 15min

  Today we're going to take a look at mineral extraction -- or the removal of rocks and minerals from the Earths' crust -- and examine how this human activity impacts all aspects of Geography. We'll focus on the Democratic Republic of the Congo and take a look at how the mining of minerals such as cobalt, has significantly impacted life in this region.Sourceshttps://docs.google.com/document/d/1YdZ--u297RHCKLEzFI7YxjuxVtweDttWT9Au1MQlV94/edit?usp=sharing Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App! Download here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZoDownload here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJCrash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Dave Freeman, Hasan Jamal, DL Singfield, Lisa Owen, Jeremy Mysliwiec, Shannon McCone, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Erin Switzer, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Stacey Gillespie (Stacey J), Jaime Willis, Alexis B, Burt Humburg, Aziz Y, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Rachel Creager, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Jennifer Dineen, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Jason Rostoker, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Les Aker, William McGraw, ThatAmericanClare, Rizwan Kassim, Sam Ferguson, Alex Hackman, Jirat, Katie Dean, Avi Yashchin, NileMatotle, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Justin, Mark, Caleb Weeks__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseTumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourseCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids#CrashCourse #Geography #Mining Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Complex Animals: Annelids and Arthropods - CrashCourse Biology #23 06.10.2026 17min

  Hank continues our exploration of animal phyla with the more complexly organized annelida and arthropoda, and a biolography on insects.References:http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100726222316.htmhttp://tlc.howstuffworks.com/home/earthworm-appreciation-day.htmhttp://annelidsf.blogspot.com/http://www.bukisa.com/articles/41743_amazing-facts-about-arthropods#ixzz1sXW1Jigphttp://www.ehow.com/about_6292974_interesting-crustaceans.htmlCrash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Crash Course Latin American Literature Preview 06.10.2026 4min

  Welcome to Crash Course Latin American Literature! In 13 episodes, Curly Velasquez will introduce you to the themes, trends, and movements that have breathed life into Latin American literature for centuries. From Indigenous texts to contemporary novels, we’ll explore how Latin American authors have been shaped by the dynamic cultures, history, and politics around them.Course DescriptionIn 13 episodes, host Curly Velasquez will introduce you to Latin American Literature! This course is based on sources and topics explored in AP and college-level surveys. By the end of this series, you will be able to:Trace major trends and tropes in Latin American literature across genresEngage with diverse case studies through a transnational and historical lensIdentify major periods of Latin American literary history and the debates they raiseThink critically about the interconnectedness of history, politics, culture, and literatureBecome familiar with prominent, canonical works and marginalized voices in Latin American literature***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:oranjeez, Jason Terpstra, Chelsea S, Alan Bridgeman, Roger Harms, DexcilaDou, Krystle Young, Allison Wood, Stephen Akuffo, Katrix , Gina Mancuso, Shruti S, Martin G. Diller, Matthew Fredericksen, Brandon Thomas, Breanna Bosso, Ken Davidian, UwU, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Samantha, David Fanska, Kristina D Knight, Andrew Woods, Elizabeth LaBelle, SpaceRangerWes, Matt Curls, Quinn Harden, EllenBryn, Johnathan Williams, Leah H., Laurel Stevens, Steve Segreto, Michael Maher, Liz Wdow, Toni Miles, Perry Joyce, Evan Nelson, Katie Hoban, Mitch Gresko, Kevin Knupp, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Tanner Hedrick, Emily Beazley, Jack Hart, Rie Ohta, Dalton Williams, Scott Harrison, Barbara Pettersen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Thomas Sully, Bernardo Garza, Jason Rostoker, Rizwan Kassim, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Emily T, Ian Dundore, Joseph Ruf, Alex Hackman, Thomas, Constance Urist, team dorsey, Stephen McCandless, Triad Terrace, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Luke Sluder, Eric Koslow, Katie Dean, Tandy Ratliff, Jennifer Killen, Jason Buster, Trevin Beattie, Wai Jack Sin, Caleb Weeks, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Les Aker, Barrett Nuzum, John Lee, Ken Penttinen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Pietro Gagliardi, ClareG, Duncan W Moore IV__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseBluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.socialCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices