CrashCourse

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• 
  Outtakes #5: Crash Course Psychology 06.10.2026 5мин

  Our final Crash Course Psychology Outtakes. Please enjoy Hank being Hank.--Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  The History of Alaskan and Hawaiian Statehood: Ep 18 of Crash Course Native American History 06.10.2026 15мин

  Alaska and Hawai'i didn’t become U.S. states until 1959—so what did that mean for the Native people who were living there first? In this episode of Crash Course Native American History, we’ll learn how Alaska Natives’ and Native Hawaiians’ history with the U.S. has taken its own distinct course.Introduction: Something Weird 00:00Alaska Natives 0:51Alaskan Colonization 1:49Alaskan Statehood 3:48The Kanaka Maoli 6:02Hawaiian Colonization 7:06Hawaiian Statehood 8:37Review & Credits 10:30Sources:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g1BpQk_2qXtFeQBffoAT-rrogcKRaA2eNjeRCpmCrJ8/edit?usp=sharing Want to know more about how this series was made? Learn more here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/17yp3u28s40TdjyrJniIf4U9YA8wPtvQ1g1B-HSHQ2Q4/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.6vtzps565m2***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:DexcilaDou, David Fanska, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Emily Beazley, Emily T, Elizabeth LaBelle, Breanna Bosso, Chelsea S, Barbara Pettersen, Jennifer Killen, Andrew Woods, Joseph Ruf, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Brandon Thomas, Bernardo Garza, Allison Wood, Jason Rostoker, Constance Urist, EllenBryn, Caleb Weeks, Evol Hong, Dalton Williams, Alex Hackman, Johnathan Williams, John Lee, Ian Dundore, Gina Mancuso, Erminio Di Lodovico, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Eric Koslow, Jack Hart, Barrett Nuzum, Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jason Buster, Alan Bridgeman, Duncan W Moore IV, ClareG, Katie Hoban, Mitch Gresko, Shruti S, Kevin Knupp, Katrix , Pietro Gagliardi, Stephen Akuffo, Les Aker, Krystle Young, Laurel Stevens, Tandy Ratliff, Roger Harms, Ken Penttinen, Martin G. Diller, Liz Wdow, SpaceRangerWes, Katie Dean, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, Quinn Harden, Michael Maher, Leah H., Ken Davidian, Steve Segreto, Matt Curls, Luke Sluder, Samantha, Stephen McCandless, Scott Harrison, Siobhán, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Perry Joyce, Nathan Taylor, Matthew Fredericksen, Kristina D Knight, Rizwan Kassim, Reed Spilmann, Tanner Hedrick, Toni Miles, Thomas Sully, team dorsey, Thomas, Wai Jack Sin, Trevin Beattie, Triad Terrace, UwU__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseBluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.socialCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Chordates - CrashCourse Biology #24 06.10.2026 16мин

  Hank introduces us to ourselves by taking us on a journey through the fascinatingly diverse phyla known as chordata. And the next time someone asks you who you are, you can give them the facts: you're a mammalian amniotic tetrapodal sarcopterygian osteichthyen gnathostomal vertebrate cranial chordate.Table of Contents:1) Chordate Synapomorphies 1:042) Cephalachordata 1:203) Urochordata 3:164) Vertebrata 3:49a) Myxini 4:30b) Petromyzontida 4:51c) Chondrichthyes 5:32d) Osteichthyes 6:055) Biolography 7:296) Amphibia 9:027) Reptilia 9:478) Mammalia 10:57References:http://www.pbs.org/kcet/shapeoflife/animals/chordates.htmlhttp://faculty.fmcc.suny.edu/mcdarby/animals&plantsbook/animals/09-Basic-Chordates.htmhttp://prezi.com/8fhckoykznls/ap-bio-biodiversity-4-the-chordates/http://www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu/~sabedon/campbl34.htmhttp://www.ebiomedia.com/prod/BOchordates.htmlhttp://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/fish/coelacanth/http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/nature/anatomy-coelacanth.htmlhttp://au.ibtimes.com/articles/252869/20111120/latest-study-reveals-teeth-evolving-ancient-scales.htmThis video contains the following sounds from Freesound.org:"Moog_woodenBlocks.aiff" by FeenixxCrash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  A History of Indigenous Women with Lily Gladstone: Ep 19 of Crash Course Native American History 06.10.2026 17мин

  Women have always played important roles in Native societies. In this episode of Crash Course Native American History, Lily Gladstone helps us unpack the ways Native women have shown up, as war heroes and peacemakers, and as matriarchs and activists.Introduction: Divine Women 00:00Matriarchal Societies 0:37Native Women at War 2:01Jikonsaseh 3:05Ideas about Gender 4:48Effects of Colonization 5:53Violence Against Women Today 8:08Native Activism 9:24Review & Credits 12:42Special thanks to "100 Years: One Woman's Fight for Justice" for use of their footage of Elouise Cobell / https://www.videoproject.org/100-Years.htmlSources:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g1BpQk_2qXtFeQBffoAT-rrogcKRaA2eNjeRCpmCrJ8/edit?usp=sharing Want to know more about how this series was made? Learn more here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/17yp3u28s40TdjyrJniIf4U9YA8wPtvQ1g1B-HSHQ2Q4/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.6vtzps565m2***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:DexcilaDou, David Fanska, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Emily Beazley, Emily T, Elizabeth LaBelle, Breanna Bosso, Chelsea S, Barbara Pettersen, Jennifer Killen, Andrew Woods, Joseph Ruf, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Brandon Thomas, Bernardo Garza, Allison Wood, Jason Rostoker, Constance Urist, EllenBryn, Caleb Weeks, Evol Hong, Dalton Williams, Alex Hackman, Johnathan Williams, John Lee, Ian Dundore, Gina Mancuso, Erminio Di Lodovico, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Eric Koslow, Jack Hart, Barrett Nuzum, Jason Terpstra, Evan Nelson, Jason Buster, Alan Bridgeman, Duncan W Moore IV, ClareG, Katie Hoban, Mitch Gresko, Shruti S, Kevin Knupp, Katrix , Pietro Gagliardi, Stephen Akuffo, Les Aker, Krystle Young, Laurel Stevens, Tandy Ratliff, Roger Harms, Ken Penttinen, Martin G. Diller, Liz Wdow, SpaceRangerWes, Katie Dean, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Rie Ohta, oranjeez, Quinn Harden, Michael Maher, Leah H., Ken Davidian, Steve Segreto, Matt Curls, Luke Sluder, Samantha, Stephen McCandless, Scott Harrison, Siobhán, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Perry Joyce, Nathan Taylor, Matthew Fredericksen, Kristina D Knight, Rizwan Kassim, Reed Spilmann, Tanner Hedrick, Toni Miles, Thomas Sully, team dorsey, Thomas, Wai Jack Sin, Trevin Beattie, Triad Terrace, UwU__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseBluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.socialCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  The Atlantic Slave Trade: Crash Course World History #24 06.10.2026 15мин

  In which John Green teaches you about one of the least funny subjects in history: slavery. John investigates when and where slavery originated, how it changed over the centuries, and how Europeans and colonists in the Americas arrived at the idea that people could own other people based on skin color. Slavery has existed as long as humans have had civilization, but the Atlantic Slave Trade was the height, or depth, of dehumanizing, brutal, chattel slavery. American slavery ended less than 150 years ago. In some parts of the world, it is still going on. So how do we reconcile that with modern life? In a desperate attempt at comic relief, Boba Fett makes an appearance.Learn more about the Transatlantic Slave Trade in Episode #1 of Crash Course Black American History here: https://youtu.be/S72vvfBTQwsChapters: Introduction 00:00The Atlantic Slave Trade 0:30The History of European Slave Trade 1:12How Africans Became Enslaved 1:54Living Conditions of Enslaved People 2:55An Open Letter to the Word 'Slave' 5:41What is the Definition of Slavery? 6:45Other Models of Slavery: Greek, Roman, Judeo-Christian, and Muslim 7:26Credits 10:35Resources:Inhuman Bondage by David Brion Davis: https://bit.ly/3vdSdTXUp From Slavery by Booker T Washington: https://bit.ly/3JJlxH4Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  The Earth: Crash Course Astronomy #11 06.10.2026 13мин

  Phil starts the planet-by-planet tour of the solar system right here at home, Earth.Check out the Crash Course Astronomy solar system poster here: http://store.dftba.com/products/crashcourse-astronomy-poster--Chapters:Introduction: The Earth 00:00Layers of Earth 1:25Continental Plates 3:01Why is the Earth's Core so Hot? 4:21Earth's Magnetic Field 5:10Earth's Atmosphere 5:58Atmospheric Pressure 7:30Liquid Water on Earth 7:51The Greenhouse Effect: CO2 in the Atmosphere 8:16Review 9:27--PBS Digital Studios: http://youtube.com/pbsdigitalstudiosFollow Phil on Twitter: https://twitter.com/badastronomerCrash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids--PHOTOS/VIDEOSPlanets:Mercury: http://apod.nasa.gov/apod/ap080116.htmlVenus: http://www.msss.com/all_projects/magellan.phpEarth: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=36019Mars: http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/photo_gallery/photogallery-mars.htmlJupiter: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/cassini/multimedia/pia04866.htmlSaturn: http://www.slate.com/content/dam/slate/blogs/bad_astronomy/2014/06/Ten%20Years%20at%20Saturn/cassini_ugarkovic_saturn.jpg.CROP.original-original.jpg [credit: Photo by NASA/JPL/Space Science Institute/Gordan Ugarkovic]Uranus: http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/1998/35/image/a/Neptune: http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2014/05/15/neptune_voyager_images_updated_for_portrait_of_the_eighth_planet.htmlUlaan Tsutgalan waterfall: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orkhon_River#mediaviewer/File:Ulaan-Tsutgalan-waterfall.jpg Perspective on a cloudy day: http://www.slate.com/blogs/bad_astronomy/2014/09/05/clouds_from_space_photo_by_iss_astronaut_oleg_artemyev.html [credit: Oleg Artemyev]Rain droplets: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rain_droplets.jpgYellowston Mud Pot: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_bubble#mediaviewer/File:Yellowstone_mud_pot_p1090998.jpgSea otters holding hands: http://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%98%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%9D#mediaviewer/File:Sea_otters_holding_hands.jpgContinental Drift: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=73 [credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio]Mission to Bennu: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=11697 [credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center Conceptual Image Lab]http://www.es.ucsc.edu/~glatz/GarysImages/surf.gif [credit: San Diego Supercomputer Center / Nature]Excerpt from "Dynamic Earth" http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=11003 [credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center]Clouds: http://www.beachfrontbroll.com/2013/07/BrightSkyandClouds.htmlAurora Borealis: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4YjCIoPHT0U [credit: Fotograf Göran Strand]Waves On Rocky Shore 1080 (2011): https://archive.org/details/wavesOnRockyShore-1080 A Year In The Life Of Earth’s CO2: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/details.cgi?aid=11719 [credit: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center]NASA | 2014 Continues Long-Term Global Warming: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WtPkFBbJLMg Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Modern Tribal Governments Explained: Ep 20 of Crash Course Native American History 06.10.2026 13мин

  How do tribal governments actually work? In this episode of Crash Course Native American History, we’ll explore how tribal governments have kept many of their qualities as sovereign, independent nations while adapting to operate in the 21st century.Introduction: Natives vs. Noem 00:00Tribal Governments 0:40 The Indian Reorganization Act 1:57Tribal Government Structure 3:53Responsibilities of Tribal Government 5:35The Dakota Access Pipeline 7:34Tribal Sovereignty Today 8:34Review & Credits 9:42Sources:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g1BpQk_2qXtFeQBffoAT-rrogcKRaA2eNjeRCpmCrJ8/edit?usp=sharing Want to know more about how this series was made? Learn more here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/17yp3u28s40TdjyrJniIf4U9YA8wPtvQ1g1B-HSHQ2Q4/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.6vtzps565m2***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:oranjeez, Jason Terpstra, Chelsea S, Alan Bridgeman, Roger Harms, DexcilaDou, Krystle Young, Allison Wood, Stephen Akuffo, Katrix , Gina Mancuso, Shruti S, Martin G. Diller, Matthew Fredericksen, Brandon Thomas, Breanna Bosso, Ken Davidian, UwU, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Samantha, David Fanska, Kristina D Knight, Andrew Woods, Elizabeth LaBelle, SpaceRangerWes, Matt Curls, Quinn Harden, EllenBryn, Johnathan Williams, Leah H., Laurel Stevens, Steve Segreto, Michael Maher, Liz Wdow, Toni Miles, Perry Joyce, Evan Nelson, Katie Hoban, Mitch Gresko, Kevin Knupp, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Tanner Hedrick, Emily Beazley, Jack Hart, Rie Ohta, Dalton Williams, Scott Harrison, Barbara Pettersen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Thomas Sully, Bernardo Garza, Jason Rostoker, Rizwan Kassim, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Emily T, Ian Dundore, Joseph Ruf, Alex Hackman, Thomas, Constance Urist, team dorsey, Stephen McCandless, Triad Terrace, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Luke Sluder, Eric Koslow, Katie Dean, Tandy Ratliff, Jennifer Killen, Jason Buster, Trevin Beattie, Wai Jack Sin, Caleb Weeks, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Les Aker, Barrett Nuzum, John Lee, Ken Penttinen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Pietro Gagliardi, ClareG, Duncan W Moore IV__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseBluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.socialCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Mineral Extraction: Crash Course Geography #44 06.10.2026 15мин

  Today we're going to take a look at mineral extraction -- or the removal of rocks and minerals from the Earths' crust -- and examine how this human activity impacts all aspects of Geography. We'll focus on the Democratic Republic of the Congo and take a look at how the mining of minerals such as cobalt, has significantly impacted life in this region.Sourceshttps://docs.google.com/document/d/1YdZ--u297RHCKLEzFI7YxjuxVtweDttWT9Au1MQlV94/edit?usp=sharing Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App! Download here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZoDownload here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJCrash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Dave Freeman, Hasan Jamal, DL Singfield, Lisa Owen, Jeremy Mysliwiec, Shannon McCone, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Erin Switzer, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Stacey Gillespie (Stacey J), Jaime Willis, Alexis B, Burt Humburg, Aziz Y, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Rachel Creager, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Jennifer Dineen, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Jason Rostoker, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, Les Aker, William McGraw, ThatAmericanClare, Rizwan Kassim, Sam Ferguson, Alex Hackman, Jirat, Katie Dean, Avi Yashchin, NileMatotle, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Justin, Mark, Caleb Weeks__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseTumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourseCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids#CrashCourse #Geography #Mining Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Complex Animals: Annelids and Arthropods - CrashCourse Biology #23 06.10.2026 17мин

  Hank continues our exploration of animal phyla with the more complexly organized annelida and arthropoda, and a biolography on insects.References:http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/07/100726222316.htmhttp://tlc.howstuffworks.com/home/earthworm-appreciation-day.htmhttp://annelidsf.blogspot.com/http://www.bukisa.com/articles/41743_amazing-facts-about-arthropods#ixzz1sXW1Jigphttp://www.ehow.com/about_6292974_interesting-crustaceans.htmlCrash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Crash Course Latin American Literature Preview 06.10.2026 4мин

  Welcome to Crash Course Latin American Literature! In 13 episodes, Curly Velasquez will introduce you to the themes, trends, and movements that have breathed life into Latin American literature for centuries. From Indigenous texts to contemporary novels, we’ll explore how Latin American authors have been shaped by the dynamic cultures, history, and politics around them.Course DescriptionIn 13 episodes, host Curly Velasquez will introduce you to Latin American Literature! This course is based on sources and topics explored in AP and college-level surveys. By the end of this series, you will be able to:Trace major trends and tropes in Latin American literature across genresEngage with diverse case studies through a transnational and historical lensIdentify major periods of Latin American literary history and the debates they raiseThink critically about the interconnectedness of history, politics, culture, and literatureBecome familiar with prominent, canonical works and marginalized voices in Latin American literature***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:oranjeez, Jason Terpstra, Chelsea S, Alan Bridgeman, Roger Harms, DexcilaDou, Krystle Young, Allison Wood, Stephen Akuffo, Katrix , Gina Mancuso, Shruti S, Martin G. Diller, Matthew Fredericksen, Brandon Thomas, Breanna Bosso, Ken Davidian, UwU, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Samantha, David Fanska, Kristina D Knight, Andrew Woods, Elizabeth LaBelle, SpaceRangerWes, Matt Curls, Quinn Harden, EllenBryn, Johnathan Williams, Leah H., Laurel Stevens, Steve Segreto, Michael Maher, Liz Wdow, Toni Miles, Perry Joyce, Evan Nelson, Katie Hoban, Mitch Gresko, Kevin Knupp, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Tanner Hedrick, Emily Beazley, Jack Hart, Rie Ohta, Dalton Williams, Scott Harrison, Barbara Pettersen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Thomas Sully, Bernardo Garza, Jason Rostoker, Rizwan Kassim, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Emily T, Ian Dundore, Joseph Ruf, Alex Hackman, Thomas, Constance Urist, team dorsey, Stephen McCandless, Triad Terrace, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Luke Sluder, Eric Koslow, Katie Dean, Tandy Ratliff, Jennifer Killen, Jason Buster, Trevin Beattie, Wai Jack Sin, Caleb Weeks, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Les Aker, Barrett Nuzum, John Lee, Ken Penttinen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Pietro Gagliardi, ClareG, Duncan W Moore IV__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseBluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.socialCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  The Columbian Exchange: Crash Course World History #23 06.10.2026 16мин

  In which John Green teaches you about the changes wrought by contact between the Old World and the New. John does this by exploring the totally awesome history book "The Columbian Exchange" by Alfred Crosby, Jr. After Columbus "discovered" the Americas, European conquerors, traders, and settlers brought all manner of changes to the formerly isolated continents. Disease and invasive plant and animal species remade the New World, usually in negative ways. While native people, plants, and animals were being displaced in the Americas, the rest of the world was benefitting from American imports, especially foods like maize, tomatoes, potatoes, pineapple, blueberries, sweet potatoes, and manioc. Was the Columbian Exchange a net positive? It's debatable. So debate.The Columbian Exchange, by Alfred Crosby, Jr: https://bit.ly/3M3ZtbGChapters:Introduction: The Columbian Exchange 00:00Diseases of the Columbian Exchange 1:14John Green Does the Cinnamon Challenge (Ew) 4:21An Open Letter to Tobacco 5:09Animals of the Columbian Exchange 5:51Plants of the Columbian Exchange 7:27People of the Columbian Exchange 9:53Credits 11:36Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Introduction to Latin American Literature: Crash Course Latin American Literature #1 06.10.2026 16мин

  Latin America is a vastly diverse region shaped by a blend of influences. In this episode of Crash Course Latin American Literature, we’ll explore how Latin American authors navigate one big question: Who are we? Introduction: Where is Latin America? 00:00The History of "Latin America" 0:53Latino vs. Hispanic 2:41Varying Identities & Languages 3:28Paz & Identity 5:05"Terra Nostra" 7:30Borges & Andrade 9:17Review & Credits 11:09Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eE7g4-k6PD7C6wNBzeJIO8GCDHpoJl8ldDjKyq_2yYg/edit?tab=t.0To learn more, check out these videos:Geopolitical history of Latin America: Latin American Revolutions: Crash Course World History #31 https://youtu.be/ZBw35Ze3bg8?si=8z_ra4m4cXUMnLdT , War and Nation Building in Latin America: Crash Course World History 225 https://youtu.be/v6xi8_7Fy6Y?si=uDevoPt88Q6wBBXBImperialism: Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and Zheng He - 15th Century Mariners: Crash Course World History #21 https://youtu.be/NjEGncridoQ?si=hzKIJz7J5yy3MoOB , The Spanish Empire, Silver, & Runaway Inflation: Crash Course World History #25 https://youtu.be/rjhIzemLdos?si=EDypIu1uOW0nQZuW , Imperialism: Crash Course World History #35 https://youtu.be/alJaltUmrGo?si=PhOQlrhHDnndZndMCheck out our CC Latin America Extra Curricular Playlist here: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PL8dPuuaLjXtPTzMxnHVWhrV8dUZM0qL34&si=To8-VCKQv51bH9dP***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:oranjeez, Jason Terpstra, Chelsea S, Alan Bridgeman, Roger Harms, DexcilaDou, Krystle Young, Allison Wood, Stephen Akuffo, Katrix , Gina Mancuso, Shruti S, Martin G. Diller, Matthew Fredericksen, Brandon Thomas, Breanna Bosso, Ken Davidian, UwU, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Samantha, David Fanska, Kristina D Knight, Andrew Woods, Elizabeth LaBelle, SpaceRangerWes, Matt Curls, Quinn Harden, EllenBryn, Johnathan Williams, Leah H., Laurel Stevens, Steve Segreto, Michael Maher, Liz Wdow, Toni Miles, Perry Joyce, Evan Nelson, Katie Hoban, Mitch Gresko, Kevin Knupp, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Tanner Hedrick, Emily Beazley, Jack Hart, Rie Ohta, Dalton Williams, Scott Harrison, Barbara Pettersen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Thomas Sully, Bernardo Garza, Jason Rostoker, Rizwan Kassim, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Emily T, Ian Dundore, Joseph Ruf, Alex Hackman, Thomas, Constance Urist, team dorsey, Stephen McCandless, Triad Terrace, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Luke Sluder, Eric Koslow, Katie Dean, Tandy Ratliff, Jennifer Killen, Jason Buster, Trevin Beattie, Wai Jack Sin, Caleb Weeks, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Les Aker, Barrett Nuzum, John Lee, Ken Penttinen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Pietro Gagliardi, ClareG, Duncan W Moore IV__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseBluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.socialCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Simple Animals: Sponges, Jellies, and Octopuses - Crash Course Biology #22 06.10.2026 15мин

  Hank introduces us to the "simplest" of the animals, complexity-wise: beginning with sponges (whose very inclusion in the list as "animals" has been called into question because they are so simple) and finishing with the most complex molluscs, octopuses and squid. We differentiate them by the number of tissue layers they have, and by the complexity of those layers.Table of Contents:1) Porifera 1:332) Cnidaria 2:36a) Diploblasts 2:483) Platyhelminthes 3:33a) Triploblasts 3:56b) Coelom 4:364) Biolography 5:365) Nematoda 7:266) Rotifera 7:577) Molusca 8:33References:http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cnidaria/cnidaria.html http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/science/2008/06/how_smart_is_the_octopus.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dicrocoelium_LifeCycle.gifhttp://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/nematode/soil_nematode.htmhttp://soils.usda.gov/sqi/concepts/soil_biology/nematodes.htmlhttp://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-08/uoc--goa080410.phphttp://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/cambrian/cambrian.phphttp://www.insidescience.org/news-service/1-2615http://www.wormbook.org/chapters/www_genomevol/genomevol.pdfhttp://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/sciences/zoology/animalclassification/Polygenetic/phylogenetictree/phylogenetictree.htmhttp://www.esu.edu/~milewski/intro_biol_two/lab_9_porifera_cnidaria/Cnidaria.htmlhttp://comenius.susqu.edu/biol/202/animals/protostomes/default.htmCrash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Race, Ethnicity, and the Cultural Landscape: Crash Course Geography #29 06.10.2026 16мин

  Sometimes culture can seem invisible like when we're surrounded by signals that tell us we're with others who are like us, but if we live or travel somewhere where the traits that define social norms are not our traits, culture can suddenly seem everywhere. In the next few episodes, we're going to start exploring the fundamental aspects of culture and how those with and without power are affected by culture, from cultural mixing to cultural violence. We'll also discuss the differences between race, ethnicity, and culture, and help you can spot the warning signs that often lead to xenophobia, racism, and genocide. Watch our videos and review your learning with the Crash Course App! Download here for Apple Devices: https://apple.co/3d4eyZoDownload here for Android Devices: https://bit.ly/2SrDulJCrash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:Shannon McCone, Amelia Ryczek, Ken Davidian, Brian Zachariah, Stephen Akuffo, Toni Miles, Oscar Pinto-Reyes, Erin Nicole, Steve Segreto, Michael M. Varughese, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Laurel A Stevens, Vincent, Michael Wang, Stacey Gillespie, Jaime Willis, Krystle Young, Michael Dowling, Alexis B, Rene Duedam, Burt Humburg, Aziz, DAVID MORTON HUDSON, Perry Joyce, Scott Harrison, Mark & Susan Billian, Junrong Eric Zhu, Alan Bridgeman, Rachel Creager, Jennifer Smith, Matt Curls, Tim Kwist, Jonathan Zbikowski, Jennifer Killen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Brandon Westmoreland, team dorsey, Trevin Beattie, Divonne Holmes à Court, Eric Koslow, Jennifer Dineen, Indika Siriwardena, Khaled El Shalakany, Jason Rostoker, Shawn Arnold, Siobhán, Ken Penttinen, Nathan Taylor, William McGraw, Andrei Krishkevich, ThatAmericanClare, Rizwan Kassim, Sam Ferguson, Alex Hackman, Jirat, Katie Dean, neil matatall, TheDaemonCatJr, Wai Jack Sin, Ian Dundore, Matthew, Justin, Jessica Wode, Mark, Caleb Weeks__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseTumblr - http://thecrashcourse.tumblr.com Support Crash Course on Patreon: http://patreon.com/crashcourseCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids#CrashCourse #Geography #Culture Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Native Languages and The Indian Education Act: Ep 21 of Crash Course Native American History 06.10.2026 13мин

  It’s time to save Native languages—before it’s too late. In this episode of Crash Course Native American History, we dig into the ways Native languages were destroyed and the resilient ways tribes are bringing them back to life.Introduction: "Never Alone" 00:00The State of Native Language 0:35Revealing Native Culture 1:40Colonization & Boarding Schools 3:42Language Revitalization 7:00Review & Credits 9:04Sources:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g1BpQk_2qXtFeQBffoAT-rrogcKRaA2eNjeRCpmCrJ8/edit?usp=sharing Want to know more about how this series was made? Learn more here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/17yp3u28s40TdjyrJniIf4U9YA8wPtvQ1g1B-HSHQ2Q4/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.6vtzps565m2***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:oranjeez, Jason Terpstra, Chelsea S, Alan Bridgeman, Roger Harms, DexcilaDou, Krystle Young, Allison Wood, Stephen Akuffo, Katrix , Gina Mancuso, Shruti S, Martin G. Diller, Matthew Fredericksen, Brandon Thomas, Breanna Bosso, Ken Davidian, UwU, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Samantha, David Fanska, Kristina D Knight, Andrew Woods, Elizabeth LaBelle, SpaceRangerWes, Matt Curls, Quinn Harden, EllenBryn, Johnathan Williams, Leah H., Laurel Stevens, Steve Segreto, Michael Maher, Liz Wdow, Toni Miles, Perry Joyce, Evan Nelson, Katie Hoban, Mitch Gresko, Kevin Knupp, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Tanner Hedrick, Emily Beazley, Jack Hart, Rie Ohta, Dalton Williams, Scott Harrison, Barbara Pettersen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Thomas Sully, Bernardo Garza, Jason Rostoker, Rizwan Kassim, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Emily T, Ian Dundore, Joseph Ruf, Alex Hackman, Thomas, Constance Urist, team dorsey, Stephen McCandless, Triad Terrace, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Luke Sluder, Eric Koslow, Katie Dean, Tandy Ratliff, Jennifer Killen, Jason Buster, Trevin Beattie, Wai Jack Sin, Caleb Weeks, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Les Aker, Barrett Nuzum, John Lee, Ken Penttinen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Pietro Gagliardi, ClareG, Duncan W Moore IV__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseBluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.socialCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Charles V and the Holy Roman Empire: Crash Course World History #219 06.10.2026 17мин

  In which John Green teaches you about the Holy Roman Empire by teaching you about Charles V. Charles Hapsburg was the Holy Roman Emperor, but he was also the King of Spain. And the King of Germany. And the King of Italy and the Lord of the Netherlands and Count Palatine of Burgundy. In short, Charles was runnin' thangs in much of the world during his reign. Charles ruled a lot of countries, and he was also known for encouraging intellectual discourse and even spoke out against slavery, in a limited way. So why did he consider himself a failure, and why did he break up the Empire when he abdicated in 1556? Mainly because the Holy Roman Empire didn't work very well. It was huge, and it didn't have any means of directly raising taxes. Plus, it was a pretty crazy time in Europe anyway, and Charles found himself in charge of the Catholic-Church-Endorsed Empire during the time of Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation. John will teach you a bit about how Charles put the Empire together, and how it fell apart, and even talk a bit about the Diet of Worms.This episode was written by Neal Schulz, but we messed up the onscreen credits. Thanks, and great work, Neal.Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  The Renaissance: Was it a Thing? - Crash Course World History #22 06.10.2026 15мин

  In which John Green teaches you about the European Renaissance. European learning changed the world in the 15th and 16th centuries, but was it a cultural revolution, or an evolution? We'd argue that any cultural shift that occurs over a couple of hundred years isn't too overwhelming to the people who live through it. In retrospect though, the cultural bloom in Europe during this time was pretty impressive. In addition to investigating what caused the Renaissance and who benefitted from the changes that occurred, John will tell you just how the Ninja Turtles got mixed up in all this.Chapters: Introduction: The Renaissance 00:00Themes in Renaissance Art 1:07Humanist Scholars of the Renaissance Era 1:48When was the Renaissance? 2:52Why the Renaissance Happened in Italy 3:23Florentine Textiles 5:08How Islamic Scholars Helped Create the European Renaissance 6:30An Open Letter to Copernicus 7:17Why the Renaissance Didn't Happen 8:12Credits 10:56Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Magical Realism and The Latin American Boom: Crash Course Latin American Literature #2 06.10.2026 16мин

  How did “Latin American literature” come to be? In this episode of Crash Course Latin American Literature, we trace the origins of this region’s stories from the pre-Columbian era all the way to the Boom of the 1960s.Introduction: Stories as History 00:00Pre-Columbian Literature 0:23Poetry & Bello 2:34Bolívar 4:37The Latin American Boom 6:08Gabriel García Márquez 8:04Review & Credits 10:57Sources: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1eE7g4-k6PD7C6wNBzeJIO8GCDHpoJl8ldDjKyq_2yYg/edit?tab=t.0To learn more, check out these videos:Christopher Columbus: Columbus, Vasco da Gama, and Zheng He - 15th Century Mariners: Crash Course World History #21 https://youtu.be/NjEGncridoQ?si=hzKIJz7J5yy3MoOBK’iche’ People: Water and Classical Civilizations: Crash Course World History 222 https://youtu.be/rP54LFFSZ1Q?si=6jbF2u3xZyYJS9xySimón Bolívar: Latin American Revolutions: Crash Course World History #31 https://youtu.be/ZBw35Ze3bg8?si=E9lh1t6OdfOPrEXmOne Hundred Years of Solitude: 100 Years of Solitude Part 1: Crash Course Literature 306 https://youtu.be/YWNcCs__vQg?si=69kPZVKUib4XnYmK , 100 Years of Solitude Part 2: Crash Course Literature 307 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hlpv7nKt81AFormula fields should be configured in the field menu dropdown***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:oranjeez, Jason Terpstra, Chelsea S, Alan Bridgeman, Roger Harms, DexcilaDou, Krystle Young, Allison Wood, Stephen Akuffo, Katrix , Gina Mancuso, Shruti S, Martin G. Diller, Matthew Fredericksen, Brandon Thomas, Breanna Bosso, Ken Davidian, UwU, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Samantha, David Fanska, Kristina D Knight, Andrew Woods, Elizabeth LaBelle, SpaceRangerWes, Matt Curls, Quinn Harden, EllenBryn, Johnathan Williams, Leah H., Laurel Stevens, Steve Segreto, Michael Maher, Liz Wdow, Toni Miles, Perry Joyce, Evan Nelson, Katie Hoban, Mitch Gresko, Kevin Knupp, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Tanner Hedrick, Emily Beazley, Jack Hart, Rie Ohta, Dalton Williams, Scott Harrison, Barbara Pettersen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Thomas Sully, Bernardo Garza, Jason Rostoker, Rizwan Kassim, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Emily T, Ian Dundore, Joseph Ruf, Alex Hackman, Thomas, Constance Urist, team dorsey, Stephen McCandless, Triad Terrace, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Luke Sluder, Eric Koslow, Katie Dean, Tandy Ratliff, Jennifer Killen, Jason Buster, Trevin Beattie, Wai Jack Sin, Caleb Weeks, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Les Aker, Barrett Nuzum, John Lee, Ken Penttinen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Pietro Gagliardi, ClareG, Duncan W Moore IV__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseBluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.socialCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  Comparative Anatomy: What Makes Us Animals - Crash Course Biology #21 06.10.2026 12мин

  Hank introduces us to comparative anatomy, which studies the similarities and differences in animal anatomy to support the theory of evolution and the shared ancestry of living things.References:Campbell Biology, 9th ed.CliffsAP Biology, 3rd ed.Thomas Henry Huxley: http://www.strangescience.net/huxley.htmTissues: http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/14-anatomy.htmDivergence time estimates for the early history of animal phyla...http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1689654/Table of Contents:1) Comparative Anatomy 0:002) Locomotion 1:193) Heterotophy 1:414) Convergent Evolution 2:405) Biolography 3:406) Tissues 6:00a) Epithelial Tissue 6:11b) Connective Tissue 6:33c) Muscle Tissue 7:01d) Nerve Tissue 7:147) Organs 7:328) Organ Systems 7:39Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at http://www.patreon.com/crashcourseWant to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseTwitter - http://www.twitter.com/TheCrashCourseInstagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/CC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices
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  The Land Back Movement Explained: Ep 22 of Crash Course Native American History 05.10.2026 13мин

  The Land Back movement is exactly what it sounds like: Native Americans want their land … back. But it’s also a whole lot more than that. In this episode of Crash Course Native American History, we explore what the Land Back movement does, how it works, and what it means for our shared future on this planet.Introduction: 1492 Land Back Lane 00:00Land Back & Land Acknowledgements 0:40Settler Rent 2:00The Jemez Pueblo Tribe 3:17Environmental Impact 4:14Haudenosaunee Activism 7:04Review & Credits 9:26Sources:https://docs.google.com/document/d/1g1BpQk_2qXtFeQBffoAT-rrogcKRaA2eNjeRCpmCrJ8/edit?usp=sharing Want to know more about how this series was made? Learn more here: https://docs.google.com/document/d/17yp3u28s40TdjyrJniIf4U9YA8wPtvQ1g1B-HSHQ2Q4/edit?tab=t.0#heading=h.6vtzps565m2***Support us for $5/month on Patreon to keep Crash Course free for everyone forever! https://www.patreon.com/crashcourseOr support us directly: https://complexly.com/supportJoin our Crash Course email list to get the latest news and highlights: https://mailchi.mp/crashcourse/emailGet our special Crash Course Educators newsletter: http://eepurl.com/iBgMhYThanks to the following patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:oranjeez, Jason Terpstra, Chelsea S, Alan Bridgeman, Roger Harms, DexcilaDou, Krystle Young, Allison Wood, Stephen Akuffo, Katrix , Gina Mancuso, Shruti S, Martin G. Diller, Matthew Fredericksen, Brandon Thomas, Breanna Bosso, Ken Davidian, UwU, Jennifer Wiggins-Lyndall, Samantha, David Fanska, Kristina D Knight, Andrew Woods, Elizabeth LaBelle, SpaceRangerWes, Matt Curls, Quinn Harden, EllenBryn, Johnathan Williams, Leah H., Laurel Stevens, Steve Segreto, Michael Maher, Liz Wdow, Toni Miles, Perry Joyce, Evan Nelson, Katie Hoban, Mitch Gresko, Kevin Knupp, Kyle & Katherine Callahan, Tanner Hedrick, Emily Beazley, Jack Hart, Rie Ohta, Dalton Williams, Scott Harrison, Barbara Pettersen, AThirstyPhilosopher ., Thomas Sully, Bernardo Garza, Jason Rostoker, Rizwan Kassim, Indija-ka Siriwardena, Emily T, Ian Dundore, Joseph Ruf, Alex Hackman, Thomas, Constance Urist, team dorsey, Stephen McCandless, Triad Terrace, Erminio Di Lodovico, Evol Hong, Luke Sluder, Eric Koslow, Katie Dean, Tandy Ratliff, Jennifer Killen, Jason Buster, Trevin Beattie, Wai Jack Sin, Caleb Weeks, Nathan Taylor, Siobhán, Les Aker, Barrett Nuzum, John Lee, Ken Penttinen, Sarah & Nathan Catchings, Pietro Gagliardi, ClareG, Duncan W Moore IV__Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/thecrashcourse/Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/YouTubeCrashCourseBluesky - https://bsky.app/profile/thecrashcourse.bsky.socialCC Kids: http://www.youtube.com/crashcoursekids Learn more about your ad choices. Visit megaphone.fm/adchoices