The Mali Empire: The Richest Civilization in History — Fexingo History — Podkast

Mali's Mansa Musa: The Hajj That Shook Cairo 20.08.2026 7min

In 1324, Mansa Musa of Mali set out on the hajj to Mecca with a caravan so vast it reportedly included 60,000 carriers and 80 camels, each carrying 300 pounds of gold. But the pilgrimage was more than a display of wealth — it was a political statement, a diplomatic mission, and a religious journey that left a trail of gold through Cairo and Medina. This episode digs into the details of that journey, from the 12,000 slaves in silk brocade to the 500 slaves bearing gold staffs, and how Musa's spending spree in Cairo caused gold prices to crash for over a decade — an economic shockwave that al-Umari and Ibn Khaldun recorded for posterity. We also unpack the protocol breach that nearly derailed his meeting with the Mamluk Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad, and how the hajj reshaped Mali's place in the Islamic world. For those who've followed the Mali Empire through our previous conversations on its gold, salt, and scholars, this is the story of the journey that put Mali on the map — and the man who made it unforgettable. #MansaMusa #MaliEmpire #Hajj1324 #Cairo #MamlukSultanate #IbnBattuta #alUmari #IbnKhaldun #Gold #WestAfrica #MedievalHistory #Islam #Diplomacy #Trade #Sahara #Timbuktu #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Great Mosque of Djenne: Mud, Faith, and Mali's Builders 19.08.2026 7min

In this episode of Fexingo History, Lucas and Luna delve into the architectural marvel that is the Great Mosque of Djenne, one of the largest mud-brick buildings in the world and a symbol of the Mali Empire's spiritual and communal life. They explore how this monumental structure, built from banco, was not just a place of worship but a civic center, a testament to the engineering skills of the Mande people, and a focal point for the empire's Islamic identity. Lucas explains the origins of the mosque, traditionally attributed to Koi Konboro, the 13th-century ruler of Djenne, and how it was rebuilt and expanded over centuries, including a significant renovation in 1907 under French colonial rule. The conversation touches on the mosque's unique architecture, its role in the annual Crepissage (the plastering festival), and its UNESCO World Heritage status. They also discuss how the mosque represents the blend of indigenous building traditions with Islamic faith, and how it served as a model for other great mosques in Timbuktu, like Sankore and Djingareyber. Listeners will gain a deeper appreciation for how mud, water, and community effort created a lasting monument that still stands today. #GreatMosqueofDjenne #Djenne #MaliEmpire #MudArchitecture #Banco #KoiKonboro #MansaMusa #Sankore #Timbuktu #Crepissage #UNESCO #WestAfricanHistory #Mande #IslamicArchitecture #MedievalAfrica #History #FexingoHistory #ArchitectureHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Qadi of Timbuktu: Islam and Law in Mali 18.08.2026 7min

In this episode of The Mali Empire: The Richest Civilization in History, Lucas and Luna explore the role of qadis — Islamic judges — in the Mali Empire, focusing on the famous qadi of Timbuktu, Al-Qadi Aqib ibn Mahmud. They discuss how the qadi's court blended sharia with Mande customary law, the importance of the Sankore Madrasa in training legal scholars, and the limits of Mansa Musa's authority over religious matters. Through the lens of Ibn Battuta's travels and the Tarikh al-Sudan, they uncover how the law shaped daily life, commerce, and governance in one of history's wealthiest empires. The conversation also touches on the contested nature of legal authority and the legacy of Mali's judicial system for modern understanding of African legal traditions. #MaliEmpire #Qadi #Timbuktu #IslamicLaw #Sharia #MandeCustomaryLaw #SankoreMadrasa #IbnBattuta #TarikhAlSudan #AlQadiAqib #MansaMusa #WestAfrica #History #FexingoHistory #LegalHistory #AfricanHistory #IslamInAfrica #LawAndSociety Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

Mali's Judicial System: Mansa Musa and the Law 17.08.2026 7min

When Mansa Musa returned from his famous hajj, he brought back more than gold and stories — he brought architects, scholars, and a vision for law. This episode explores how Mali's judicial system actually worked under the Keita dynasty. We look at the role of the mansa as final judge, the qadis who applied Islamic law, and the older Mande customary courts that handled everything from marriage to theft. Through the accounts of Ibn Battuta and al-Umari, we see how Mali balanced sharia with traditional practice, and how justice was delivered differently in the cities and the bush. We also consider the limits of royal power — could even a mansa be judged? And what happened when a governor crossed the line? This is the story of a legal order that held an empire together, not just through force, but through the consent of its people. It's a side of Mali rarely told, and it reveals a sophisticated society that had answers to questions we still grapple with today. #MaliEmpire #MansaMusa #KeitaDynasty #IslamicLaw #Sharia #MandeCustom #Qadi #IbnBattuta #al-Umari #Timbuktu #Djenne #WestAfrica #LegalHistory #JusticeSystem #AfricanEmpires #MedievalAfrica #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Griots of Mali: Keepers of Memory and Power 16.08.2026 7min

In this episode of Fexingo History, Lucas and Luna explore the vital role of the jeliw — the griots of the Mali Empire. From the legendary Balla Fasséké, who served Sundiata Keita, to the modern-day keepers of oral tradition, we uncover how these master musicians and historians preserved the empire's history, genealogies, and legal codes. Learn about the Kouroukan Fouga, the epic of Sundiata, and the delicate balance of power between the mansa and the nyamakala. Discover how the jeliw used the kora and the ngoni to weave stories that could make or break reputations, and how their craft survived centuries to shape West African identity today. We also discuss the challenges of oral history in the age of written records, and what the jeliw's art teaches us about memory, truth, and resilience. #MaliEmpire #Jeliw #Griots #OralHistory #BallaFasseke #SundiataKeita #KouroukanFouga #Nyamakala #Kora #Ngoni #WestAfrica #Mande #Timbuktu #EpicOfSundiata #Jali #History #FexingoHistory #AfricanHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Lion of Mali: Sundiata's Gbara and the Art of Consensus 15.08.2026 7min

In this episode, we step back from the gold and salt trades to explore the political architecture that held the Mali Empire together: the Gbara, a great assembly of clans that balanced the mansa's power. We trace its roots to the Kouroukan Fouga, the charter Sundiata Keita proclaimed after the Battle of Kirina around 1235, and see how the Gbara functioned as a check on absolutism, giving voice to the farari generals, the nyamakala artisans, and the jeliw griots. Through the lens of the Epic of Sundiata, we examine the Gbara's role in electing mansas, mediating succession disputes, and preserving social order in a multiethnic empire. We also look at its decline under later rulers like Mansa Musa, who centralized authority and sidelined the assembly, and ask whether the Gbara's legacy echoes in modern West African political traditions. A conversation about power, consensus, and the art of ruling wisely. #MaliEmpire #SundiataKeita #Gbara #KouroukanFouga #MansaMusa #WestAfrica #Mande #Farari #Nyamakala #Jeliw #BattleOfKirina #EpicOfSundiata #AfricanHistory #MedievalAfrica #PoliticalHistory #Consensus #FexingoHistory #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Sankore Madrasa: Timbuktu's Ancient University 14.08.2026 7min

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Sankore Madrasa in Timbuktu, one of the world's oldest learning institutions and a cornerstone of the Mali Empire's intellectual golden age. They trace its origins from a 14th-century mosque foundation to its rise as a hub of Islamic scholarship under the patronage of Mansa Musa and his successors. The conversation dives into the scholars who studied and taught there—like Ahmed Baba, whose works on theology, law, and astronomy are still consulted today—and the extraordinary manuscript collections that survived centuries of conflict. Lucas explains how the Sankore curriculum blended Quranic studies with mathematics, medicine, and astronomy, attracting students from across West Africa and beyond. He also addresses the challenges of preserving these fragile documents in the present day, including the heroic efforts of local librarians who rescued them from destruction in 2013. Throughout, the hosts reflect on how Timbuktu's intellectual legacy challenges common stereotypes about precolonial Africa. The episode ends with a gentle reminder about supporting the show through a coffee donation, before circling back to the enduring impact of Sankore's scholarship. #SankoreMadrasa #Timbuktu #MaliEmpire #MansaMusa #AhmedBaba #IslamicScholarship #Manuscripts #WestAfricanHistory #University #Archives #TimbuktuManuscripts #Mali #14thCentury #AfricanHistory #IntellectualHistory #History #FexingoHistory #MedievalAfrica Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Mande Charter: Africa's Ancient Human Rights Declaration 13.08.2026 9min

In this episode of The Mali Empire, Lucas and Luna explore the Mande Charter, also known as the Kurukan Fuga Charter, a remarkable declaration of human rights from 13th-century West Africa. Discover how Sundiata Keita and the Gbara assembly crafted a code that outlawed racial discrimination, protected women's rights, and emphasized education centuries before the Enlightenment. We trace the charter's origins, its 44 articles, and the ongoing debate among historians about its historical basis versus its role in modern Malian identity. Through the lens of the Mande people and their oral traditions, we uncover a legal and ethical framework that challenges Western-centric views of history. Join us for a deep dive into a document that some call the world's oldest constitution. #MaliEmpire #MandeCharter #SundiataKeita #KurukanFuga #HumanRights #WestAfrica #OralHistory #Gbara #AfricanHistory #Slavery #WomenRights #Education #13thCentury #Mande #Charter #History #FexingoHistory #AncientConstitution Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

Mansa Suleyman: The Frugal Emperor Who Stabilized Mali 12.08.2026 8min

After Mansa Musa's legendary hajj and extravagant spending, his successor Mansa Suleyman faced a daunting challenge: restore Mali's finances and authority. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore Suleyman's reign (c. 1341–1360), a period of consolidation after the splendor of his predecessor. They discuss Suleyman's pragmatic fiscal policies, his investment in Takedda's copper mines, his patronage of scholars, and his diplomatic missions to North Africa. The episode also examines Ibn Battuta's controversial visit to Mali, where the traveler clashed with Suleyman over hospitality, offering a rare personal glimpse of the emperor. Through Arabic sources and Mande oral tradition, we piece together a ruler who, though often overshadowed by Musa, was crucial in maintaining the empire's cohesion. Discover how Suleyman's frugality and governance kept Mali prosperous and stable during a fragile transition. #MansaSuleyman #MaliEmpire #Takedda #IbnBattuta #WestAfricanHistory #Mande #MansaMusa #14thCentury #CopperMines #Cairo #Tarikh al-Sudan #IbnKhaldun #SaharaTrade #Timbuktu #NigerBend #AfricanCivilizations #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Great Mosque of Djenne: Mud, Faith, and Mali's Builders 11.08.2026 7min

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Great Mosque of Djenne, one of the most iconic structures in West Africa and a symbol of the Mali Empire's architectural and spiritual legacy. They trace its origins to the 13th century, when the city of Djenne became a thriving trading hub under Mansa Musa's rule, and discuss the legend of the original mosque built by King Koi Konboro on the site of his palace. The conversation then shifts to the remarkable building technique known as banco, a mud-based mortar that requires annual maintenance, culminating in the famous creexploitation, a communal festival where the entire town joins to replaster the mosque. Along the way, they touch on the role of the Imam, the muezzin, and the baraka (blessing) that draws pilgrims, and the mosque's place in the wider Mali Empire, where it served as a center of learning alongside the University of Sankore in Timbuktu. The episode also navigates the mosque's turbulent history, including its abandonment and reconstruction in the 19th century by the French, and the ongoing debates about what is 'authentic' in a building that is as much a living tradition as a monument. Listeners will come away with a vivid picture of a structure that is not merely a relic, but a living heart of the Djenne community. #Djenne #GreatMosque #MaliEmpire #WestAfrica #MudArchitecture #Banco #Creexploitation #KoiKonboro #MansaMusa #Sankore #Timbuktu #IslamInAfrica #UNESCO #History #AfricanHistory #WorldHeritage #BuildingWithMud #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Kouroukan Fouga Charter: Mali's Ancient Constitution 10.08.2026 9min

In 1236, as Sundiata Keita consolidated his victory at the Battle of Kirina, the Mande people gathered at a site called Kouroukan Fouga. There, an assembly of nobles, farari generals, and the nyamakala castes—blacksmiths, griots, and bards—proclaimed the Kouroukan Fouga, a set of laws that would govern the Mali Empire for centuries. This episode of Fexingo History dives into the charter's 44 articles: its protections against injustice, its rules for trade and taxation, its respect for the griots' oral traditions, and its division of labor among the clans. Discover how this pre-modern constitution balanced Islam with the traditional Mande world, how it created a framework for the empire's immense wealth in gold and salt, and what modern scholars think about its origins—whether it truly dates to 1236 or evolved over time. With references from the Epic of Sundiata, the Tarikh al-Sudan, and later writers like Ibn Khaldun, we explore how the Kouroukan Fouga shaped daily life, the role of the Gbara assembly, and its lasting legacy in West African culture. Join Lucas and Luna as they unpack the legal backbone of the richest civilization in history. #KouroukanFouga #MaliEmpire #SundiataKeita #MandeLaw #WestAfricanHistory #GbaraAssembly #Nyamakala #BattleOfKirina #TarikhAlSudan #IbnKhaldun #MansaMusa #EpicOfSundiata #AfricanConstitutions #GoldTrade #SaltTrade #OralHistory #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Mali Empire's Paper Trail: Arabic Sources and Mande Memory 09.08.2026 11min

In this 200th episode of Fexingo History, Lucas and Luna explore the written sources that bring the Mali Empire back to life. The discussion opens with the challenge of studying an empire whose history was largely oral, then turns to the Arabic geographers and chroniclers who recorded its deeds: Ibn Battuta's Rihla, al-Umari's Masalik al-Absar, Ibn Khaldun's Kitab al-Ibar. We follow the contradictions between these external accounts and the Mande oral tradition, as preserved by jeliw and in the Epic of Sundiata. The episode also shines a light on the underappreciated role of Andalusian scholar Ibn al-Khatib, whose correspondence with a Malian ruler offers a rare glimpse into the empire's diplomatic voice, and on the Tarikh al-Sudan, the Timbuktu chronicle that anchors so much of what we know. Along the way, we reflect on what it means to write history from fragments, and how the names we use—Mali, Mansa, Wangara—carry the weight of centuries. A quiet plea for listener support on Buy Me a Coffee is woven into the opening, tied to the episode's theme of preserving knowledge. #MaliEmpire #IbnBattuta #AlUmari #IbnKhaldun #TarikhAlSudan #EpicOfSundiata #Jeliw #Mande #Timbuktu #ArabicSources #OralTradition #Historiography #MedievalAfrica #WestAfrica #History #FexingoHistory #Podcast #AfricanHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

Mansa Musa's Huge Spending: Inflation in Cairo 08.08.2026 8min

When Mansa Musa passed through Cairo on his 1324 hajj, he gave away so much gold that he accidentally broke the city's economy. In this episode, Lucas and Luna unpack the real story behind the legendary inflation crisis — how much gold actually entered the market, how Cairo's goldsmiths and moneychangers reacted, and what it meant for Mansa Musa's reputation and Mali's long-term wealth. They draw on the accounts of al-Umari and Ibn Khaldun, walk through the mechanics of medieval currency, and trace how Mansa Musa tried to fix the damage on his return by borrowing at crushing interest rates. It's a tale of staggering wealth, unintended consequences, and a ruler whose generosity rewired a regional economy — and left a mark that outlived the empire itself. #MansaMusa #MaliEmpire #Cairo #MamlukSultanate #Inflation #Gold #Hajj #AlUmari #IbnKhaldun #MedievalEconomy #WestAfrica #SaharanTrade #Timbuktu #Djenne #Mande #History #EconomicHistory #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

Mansa Musa's Cairo Visit: A Sultan's Protocol Breach 07.08.2026 9min

In 1324, Mansa Musa's pilgrimage to Mecca made him a legend across the Islamic world, but his stop in Cairo nearly sparked a diplomatic crisis. This episode unpacks the tense encounter between the Mali emperor and Sultan al-Nasir Muhammad of Egypt—two rulers with vastly different visions of power. We explore how Mansa Musa's refusal to kiss the ground or the Sultan's hand, his insistence on his own title 'Mansa', and his overwhelming display of gold challenged Mamluk protocol and left Egyptian chroniclers scrambling to make sense of him. Drawing on the accounts of al-Umari and Ibn Khaldun, we look at what the visit reveals about Mali's place in the global order, the economics of gift-giving, and the limits of medieval diplomacy when wealth talks louder than rank. We also touch on the famous gold inflation in Cairo and what it meant for both empires. Join Lucas and Luna as they untangle the etiquette, the politics, and the sheer audacity of the richest man in history stepping into the most powerful court of the age. #MansaMusa #MaliEmpire #Cairo #MamlukSultanate #AlNasirMuhammad #Hajj1324 #MedievalDiplomacy #GoldInflation #AlUmari #IbnKhaldun #WestAfricanHistory #SaharanTrade #IslamicGoldenAge #SultanProtocol #MansaMusaPilgrimage #History #FexingoHistory #Podcast Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Great Camel Crisis: Mali's Salt Trade Disrupted 06.08.2026 11min

When the trans-Saharan salt caravans ground to a halt in the mid-fourteenth century, the Mali Empire faced an economic shock that rippled from the mines of Taghaza to the markets of Timbuktu and Djenne. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore how the empire under Mansa Suleyman navigated the crisis, examining the fragile logistics of camel caravans, the politics of the Takedda copper trade, and the strategies that kept the salt flowing. Drawing on the accounts of Ibn Battuta, who traveled the region during this turbulent period, they reveal how Mali's rulers balanced diplomacy, taxation, and military power to sustain their wealth. With fresh perspective on a lesser-known chapter, this episode uncovers the true engine of Mali's economy—not just gold, but the everyday necessity of salt—and the remarkable resilience of the empire's trade networks. #MaliEmpire #Taghaza #SaltTrade #IbnBattuta #MansaSuleyman #Timbuktu #Djenne #Takedda #CopperTrade #SaharanTrade #CamelCaravans #FourteenthCentury #WestAfricanHistory #MedievalEmpires #TradeCrisis #EconomicHistory #Sahel #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

Mansa Musa's Golden Touch: The Economics of Mali's Wealth 05.08.2026 11min

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore how Mansa Musa's legendary pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324 was not just a display of staggering wealth but a carefully orchestrated economic strategy that reshaped the entire Mediterranean world. They dive into the mechanics of Mali's gold monopoly, the role of the mitqal standard, and how Mansa Musa's spending spree in Cairo caused a gold inflation that took over a decade to correct. Along the way, they uncover the diplomatic calculations behind his lavish gifts, the often-overlooked role of his farari commanders in managing the empire's treasury, and the ways in which Mali's wealth was both a source of power and a vulnerability. Drawing on al-Umari's accounts and Ibn Khaldun's histories, this episode offers a fresh perspective on the economics behind the empire's golden age. #MaliEmpire #MansaMusa #SaharanTrade #Gold #Economics #AlUmari #IbnKhaldun #Mitqal #Farari #Timbuktu #Niani #Cairo #Hajj #1324 #GhanaEmpire #WestAfrica #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Silent Trade: Myth and Reality in Mali's Gold Markets 04.08.2026 9min

In episode 195, Lucas and Luna peel back the curtain on one of the Sahara's most enduring legends: the silent trade, where gold was supposedly exchanged without a word. Drawing on al-Bakri's 11th-century account and later chroniclers, they trace how this tale of mute commerce captured medieval imaginations—and how modern historians question its accuracy. The episode follows the gold's journey from the Bambuk and Bure fields, through Wangara and Dyula middlemen, to the market towns of Timbuktu and Djenne, where Mansa Musa's officials levied taxes in gold dust and mitqals. Along the way, they examine the role of the farari, the empire's trade overseers, and how the Kouroukan Fouga's principles shaped commercial law. Was the silent trade a real practice, a diplomatic fiction to protect secret sources, or a European fantasy? Lucas weighs the evidence, compares it to similar tales from other regions, and considers what it tells us about Mali's sophisticated economy. The episode ends with a question: what do we lose when we reduce complex trade networks to a single romanticized image? A thoughtful look at how history remembers—and misremembers—the wealth of Mali. #SilentTrade #MaliEmpire #MansaMusa #GoldTrade #Sahara #AlBakri #Wangara #Dyula #Bambuk #Bure #Timbuktu #Djenne #Farari #KouroukanFouga #MedievalAfrica #EconomicHistory #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

Mali Empire's Trade Taxes: The Dues That Built a Kingdom 03.08.2026 5min

Long before Mansa Musa's fabled pilgrimage, the Mali Empire grew rich not just from gold but from a sophisticated system of taxes and dues. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore how the empire taxed its trade routes, from the salt caravans of Taghaza to the copper of Takedda, and how these levies funded armies, cities, and the very institutions that held the empire together. They trace the evolution of taxation from Sundiata Keita's Kouroukan Fouga to the reign of Mansa Musa, and discuss the practical challenges of collecting dues across a vast territory. Along the way, they touch on Ibn Battuta's observations, the role of the farari in enforcing taxes, and the delicate balance between wealth and rebellion. This is a story of accountants as much as conquerors, and a reminder that even the richest empire needed a steady hand on the scales. #MaliEmpire #MansaMusa #SundiataKeita #SaharanTrade #GoldTrade #SaltTrade #Taxation #KouroukanFouga #IbnBattuta #Takedda #Taghaza #Dyula #Wangara #Timbuktu #Djenne #WestAfricanHistory #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

Mali's Salt: The White Gold That Powered an Empire 02.08.2026 9min

In this episode, Lucas and Luna dig into the salt trade that underpinned the Mali Empire's wealth. From the brutal mines of Taghaza, where salt slabs were cut by hand in a scorched landscape, to the trans-Saharan caravans that carried that salt south to Djenne and Timbuktu, salt was the silent engine of a gold economy. They follow the famous journey of Ibn Battuta through the salt towns, and examine how salt was weighed against gold — literally. Discover the economic logic that made salt more valuable than gold in the Saharan heat, and how control of salt routes helped Mansa Musa's Mali project power across West Africa. A fresh look at an ancient trade that built cities, fueled scholarship, and connected a continent. #MaliEmpire #SaltTrade #Taghaza #IbnBattuta #MansaMusa #SaharaCaravans #Djenne #Timbuktu #WestAfricanHistory #TransSaharanTrade #GoldAndSalt #MedievalAfrica #Mande #IslamicScholarship #TradeRoutes #HistoryPodcast #FexingoHistory #AfricanEmpires Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Gold of Mali: Measuring Mansa Musa's Wealth 01.08.2026 7min

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the staggering wealth of Mansa Musa, the 14th-century ruler of the Mali Empire. They trace the sources of Mali's gold—the Bambuk and Bure fields—and examine the silent trade that kept their locations secret. They consider the value of Mansa Musa's gold in today's terms, the challenge of historical estimates, and the effects of his famous 1324 pilgrimage on the economies of Cairo and beyond. Along the way, they discuss the role of the farari in protecting the mines, the mitqal as a unit of weight, and the accounts of al-Umari and Ibn Khaldun. The episode also touches on the limits of gold as a foundation for empire, as Mali's influence waned with the rise of Songhai. This is a story of extraordinary riches, inflation, and the shifting sands of power in medieval West Africa. #MaliEmpire #MansaMusa #GoldTrade #WestAfricanHistory #Bambuk #Bure #SilentTrade #IbnKhaldun #AlUmari #Mitqal #Farari #SaharanTrade #Cairo #MedievalAfrica #Inflation #EconomicHistory #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo