The History of Egypt: Pharaohs, Empires, and Modern Revolution — Fexingo History — Podkast

The Elephantine Papyri: Jewish Soldiers on Egypt's Frontier 20.08.2026 5min

In this episode of The History of Egypt, Lucas and Luna explore the Elephantine papyri — a remarkable cache of Aramaic documents from the fifth century BCE that reveal a Jewish military colony on the island of Elephantine, at Egypt's southern border. Discover how these soldiers, who served the Persian empire, built their own temple to Yahweh, celebrated Passover, and navigated life alongside Egyptian neighbors who worshipped Khnum, the ram god. Hear about the dramatic temple destruction by Egyptian priests, the community's plea to the Persian governor, and the surprising response from Jerusalem. We discuss the legal status of these Jews, their daily lives, marriages, and business dealings, and the broader context of Persian rule in Egypt. Through letters like the Passover Papyrus and the petition to Bagoas, we glimpse a community that thrived far from the homeland, blending traditions while maintaining their identity. Join us for a story that challenges simple narratives of exile and diaspora, and illuminates the multicultural world of ancient Achaemenid Egypt. #ElephantinePapyri #AchaemenidEgypt #JewishDiaspora #PersianEmpire #Aramaic #YahwehTemple #Elephantine #Khnoum #PassoverPapyrus #Bagoas #Jedaniah #AncientEgypt #History #FexingoHistory #5thCenturyBCE #Mercenaries #Nile #FirstCataract Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Ptolemaic Navy: Warships of the Nile and Beyond 18.08.2026 9min

Before the phalanx, there was the fleet. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Ptolemaic navy — the war galleys, the harbor at Alexandria, and the men who rowed them. From the massive tessarakonteres, a forty-banked behemoth that may have been more spectacle than warship, to the Syrian War clashes where Ptolemaic admirals faced the Seleucid fleet, this is the naval side of the Hellenistic power struggle that shaped the eastern Mediterranean. We look at the crews — Egyptians, Greeks, and Phoenicians — and how the navy was paid for, with the grain of the Nile. We also touch on the Punic Wars and how Rome's rise forced Ptolemaic sea power into a supporting role. Along the way, we consider what naval power meant for Egypt's identity, a land that was never quite a sea power, yet built one of the ancient world's great harbors. If you've ever wondered how a river civilization took to the waves, this episode charts the course. #PtolemaicNavy #Warships #Alexandria #HellenisticEgypt #Tessarakonteres #SeleucidEmpire #SyrianWars #NavalHistory #EgyptianHistory #AncientWarfare #PtolemaicDynasty #MediterraneanSea #AncientHarbors #WarGalleys #NavalTactics #History #FexingoHistory #AncientWorld Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Canopus Decree: A Rosetta Stone Before Rosetta 17.08.2026 6min

Long before the Rosetta Stone unlocked hieroglyphs, another trilingual stele — the Canopus Decree — nearly did the job. In 238 BCE, priests in the Nile Delta gathered to honor Ptolemy III and his deified daughter Berenike, issuing a decree that was carved in Greek, hieroglyphs, and demotic. It even introduced the leap year — a full two centuries before Julius Caesar. So why did it fail to crack the code? Join Lucas and Luna as they unravel the story of this forgotten inscription, its revolutionary calendar proposal, and the twilight of Egypt's native priesthood. From the sun-soaked city of Canopus to the courts of Alexandria, they explore how a single slab of stone might have changed the history of decipherment, and why it took Napoleon's army and a certain French linguist to finally make hieroglyphs speak again. #CanopusDecree #PtolemyIII #Berenike #RosettaStone #Hieroglyphs #Demotic #LeapYear #AncientEgypt #PtolemaicDynasty #Canopus #TempleOfOsiris #Naucratis #Decipherment #Champollion #Napoleon #NorthAfrica #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Silent Generation: Egypt's Lost Middle Kingdom Voices 16.08.2026 6min

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the quiet centuries of Egypt's Middle Kingdom, a period often overshadowed by the Old Kingdom's pyramids and the New Kingdom's empire. They focus on the 'silent generation' — the scribes, priests, and officials whose voices survive in letters, autobiographies, and wisdom texts. The discussion centers on the Heqanakht papyri, a cache of letters from a middle-class farmer managing his estate during a famine, revealing the human concerns of rent, family, and survival. They also touch on the 'Eloquent Peasant' and the 'Instructions of Amenemhat', texts that blend literature with political commentary. The episode highlights how these sources challenge the monolithic image of pharaonic power, instead showing a society with its own anxieties, humor, and moral debates. Through close reading of specific passages, Lucas and Luna show how everyday Egyptians navigated a world of limited resources and complex social hierarchies, making the distant past feel startlingly immediate. #MiddleKingdom #Heqanakht #EloquentPeasant #Amenemhat #EgyptianLiterature #Scribes #Famine #SocialHistory #TwelfthDynasty #WisdomTexts #AncientEgypt #LucasAndLuna #FexingoHistory #History #Podcast #NorthAfrica #Nile #Pharaohs Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

Cleopatra's Barge: The Floating Palace of the Nile 15.08.2026 6min

Before Cleopatra VII, there was Cleopatra II—and her brother-husband Ptolemy VIII Physcon, a king whose cruelty turned Alexandria into a battlefield. This episode of The History of Egypt follows the rise of Ptolemy VIII, his brutal purge of intellectuals, and the bloody civil war that split Egypt between two Cleopatras. We explore the Great Serapeum of Alexandria, the murder of Ptolemy VII, the terrifying tale of the dismembered prince, and the desperate plea for Roman intervention that drew the Republic into Egypt's chaos. Along the way, we uncover the role of the Jewish community in Alexandria, the significance of the term 'physcon' (fatty), and the bizarre story of Scipio Aemilianus inspecting the rival kings like livestock. It's a saga of dynastic murder, scholarly exile, and the unraveling of Ptolemaic power—a prelude to the Rome that would one day swallow Egypt whole. #PtolemyVIII #CleopatraII #CleopatraIII #Physcon #Alexandria #Serapeum #PtolemaicDynasty #AncientEgypt #HellenisticHistory #ScipioAemilianus #RomanRepublic #JewishHistory #DynasticMurder #CivilWar #NorthAfrica #History #FexingoHistory #LucasAndLuna Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Battle of Raphia: When Egypt's Pharaoh Fought with African Soldiers 14.08.2026 6min

In 217 BCE, Ptolemy IV Philopator faced Antiochus III of the Seleucid Empire at Raphia, near Gaza. It was a clash that would decide the fate of Syria and Palestine. But the real drama unfolded in the lead-up: Ptolemy armed native Egyptians for the first time since the days of the pharaohs, creating an army that included 20,000 machimoi (indigenous soldiers). They fought alongside Greek mercenaries, Galatians, Thracians, and Libyans. The battle hinged on a cavalry charge by Antiochus, a counterattack by Ptolemy's phalanx, and a decisive role played by the Egyptian infantry. Victory came at a huge cost: the battle-hardened Egyptians would later revolt, sparking the Great Revolt that destabilized the Ptolemaic kingdom for decades. Polybius's account gives us vivid details: the elephants, the war cries, the panic that gripped Ptolemy's camp. This episode explores how a single battle reshaped the balance of power in the Hellenistic world and sowed the seeds of Egypt's decline. For anyone who loves military history or the tangled politics of the successor kingdoms, this is the story of how Egypt's last great pharaohs won a war but lost their grip on the Nile. #PtolemyIV #AntiochusIII #BattleOfRaphia #PtolemaicEgypt #SeleucidEmpire #Polybius #Machimoi #WarElephants #Phalanx #HellenisticPeriod #GreatRevolt #EgyptianHistory #MilitaryHistory #AncientBattles #GazaStrip #FourthSyrianWar #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

Taharqa's Nubian Empire: The 25th Dynasty Zenith 13.08.2026 8min

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the reign of Taharqa, the greatest pharaoh of Egypt's 25th (Kushite) Dynasty. They discuss his rise to power following the expulsion of the Assyrians, his ambitious building projects at Karnak and Napata, and his military campaigns against the Neo-Assyrian Empire under Sennacherib and Esarhaddon. The conversation touches on the Battle of Eltekeh, the Kushite revival of pyramid-building, and the role of Taharqa's mother Abar in his coronation. It also examines the complex relationship with Assyria, including the fateful clash that led to his eventual downfall, and the significance of his reign in unifying Egypt and Nubia under one divine kingship. A nuanced portrait of a ruler who straddled two worlds and left a lasting architectural and political legacy. #Taharqa #25thDynasty #Kushite #Nubia #AssyrianEmpire #Eltekeh #Karnak #Napata #Pyramids #AncientEgypt #Nile #Pharaoh #Amun #Esarhaddon #Sennacherib #Kush #ThirdIntermediatePeriod #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Colossi of Memnon: Singing Statues of Thebes 12.08.2026 8min

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the two massive quartzite statues that have guarded the Theban necropolis for over 3,400 years. Learn how Amenhotep III's mortuary temple, once the largest religious complex in Egypt, was reduced to these silent sentinels by earthquake and erosion. But the Colossi weren't always silent—for two centuries, the northern statue was famous for emitting a musical 'singing' sound at dawn, a phenomenon that drew Roman emperors, Greek tourists, and even inspired a scientific explanation. Journey through the statue's creation, the mysterious 'vocal Memnon' that made it a celebrity, and the restoration efforts that silenced it forever. Discover the real Memnon behind the myth—an Ethiopian king in Greek mythology—and how his name stuck to an Egyptian pharaoh's likeness. This episode also touches on the modern conservation challenges facing the Colossi and the ongoing efforts to preserve them for future generations. #ColossiOfMemnon #AmenhotepIII #Thebes #MortuaryTemple #Quartzite #Memnon #SingingStatue #Earthquake #RomanTourists #GreekMythology #Luxor #Nile #18thDynasty #NewKingdom #AncientEgypt #History #Archaeology #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Ptolemaic Army: Greeks, Egyptians, and the Phalanx 11.08.2026 5min

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Ptolemaic army, the military machine that kept Egypt's last dynasty in power for three centuries. From the Macedonian phalanx to native Egyptian machimoi, from the Battle of Raphia to the Great Revolt, they uncover how the Ptolemies balanced Greek and Egyptian forces, how soldiers were rewarded with land grants called kleroi, and how mercenaries and cleruchs shaped the kingdom. They delve into the role of elephants in warfare, the galatian mercenaries, the military colonies, and the social dynamics between Greek settlers and Egyptian soldiers. Touching on Ptolemy IV's disastrous reliance on native troops, the army's evolution under Ptolemy VI, and the eventual fall of Ptolemaic military power, this episode reveals how the army was both the dynasty's strength and its weakness. With insights into the Rosetta Stone's mention of military settlements, this conversation offers a fresh look at the Ptolemaic kingdom's foundations and its unraveling. #PtolemaicArmy #Phalanx #Machimoi #BattleOfRaphia #PtolemyIV #PtolemyVI #Cleruchs #Kleroi #Galatians #WarElephants #PtolemaicEgypt #Hellenistic #Macedonian #GreatRevolt #RosettaStone #MilitaryHistory #FexingoHistory #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Elephantine Triad: Gods and Priests of Egypt's Southern Border 10.08.2026 9min

In Episode 200, Lucas and Luna travel to Elephantine Island, the rocky frontier outpost at Egypt's southern border. This is the world of the Elephantine Triad — Khnum the ram-headed creator, Satet the archer goddess, and Anuket the daughter of the Nile. Together they trace how this local cult shaped Egyptian religion for millennia, from the Old Kingdom's provision of granite and gold to the priesthood's political power during the Ptolemaic period. Along the way, they uncover the Famine Stela, a third-century BC inscription that claims the gods once held Egypt's fate in their hands, and they explore how Elephantine's dual role as a trade hub and sacred site made it uniquely influential. With its temples, its nilometer, and its archive of Aramaic papyri, Elephantine emerges as a microcosm of ancient Egypt — a place where religion, politics, and daily life were inseparable. The episode also considers how the cult adapted under Greek and Roman rule, and how the island's legacy lingers in modern Aswan. #Elephantine #Khnum #Satet #Anuket #FamineStela #AncientEgyptReligion #NileCults #Aswan #OldKingdom #PtolemaicEgypt #Priesthood #Nilometer #AramaicPapyri #ElephantineTriad #ThirdCataract #Egyptology #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The White Chapel of Senusret I: A Masterpiece in Stone 09.08.2026 9min

In this episode of The History of Egypt, Lucas and Luna explore the White Chapel of Senusret I, a stunning monument from the Middle Kingdom that was dismantled and hidden within the foundations of the Karnak temple complex for centuries. Discover how this small but exquisite building, with its intricate reliefs and inscriptions, offers a unique window into the religious, political, and artistic world of the 12th Dynasty. Along the way, they discuss the chapel's rediscovery in the 1920s, its careful reconstruction, and its significance as a testament to Senusret I's reign and the enduring power of the god Amun. The episode also touches on the chapel's role in the Heb Sed festival and its connection to the broader landscape of ancient Egyptian architecture and kingship. #WhiteChapel #SenusretI #MiddleKingdom #AncientEgypt #Karnak #Amun #HebSed #Egyptology #12thDynasty #Luxor #Thebes #AncientArchitecture #Pharaohs #EgyptianArt #Hieroglyphs #History #FexingoHistory #AncientWorld Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Senusret III Fortresses: Egypt's Southern Shield 08.08.2026 9min

Before the New Kingdom's empire, Egypt's Middle Kingdom pharaohs built a chain of massive mudbrick fortresses along the Nile's Second Cataract to guard the southern border against Nubian raids. In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the strategic brilliance of Senusret III, the warrior-king who pushed the frontier south and constructed these military marvels. Discover the engineering behind walls up to ten meters thick, the complex layout of forts like Buhen and Semna, and the daily life of the soldiers stationed there, far from home. Learn how the fortresses controlled trade routes, monitored local populations, and even included sophisticated water systems. We'll delve into the archaeological evidence from the University of Pennsylvania's excavations and the texts that reveal the fortresses' role in maintaining Egyptian dominance. This is a story of military innovation, imperial ambition, and the human cost of guarding an ancient empire's edge. #SenusretIII #MiddleKingdom #EgyptianFortresses #SecondCataract #Buhen #Semna #Nubia #Uronarti #Mirgissa #Aniba #Asiatic #NubianRaids #Pharaoh #AncientEgypt #MilitaryHistory #Archaeology #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Great Pyramid's Secret Doors: Gantenbrink's Robots 07.08.2026 7min

In 1993, a German engineer named Rudolf Gantenbrink lowered a tiny robot into the Great Pyramid of Giza and discovered something no one had seen for 4,500 years: a mysterious door deep inside the Queen's Chamber's shafts. This episode unpacks that discovery — the copper handles, the tiny gap behind the door, the 'Gantenbrink Door' controversy, and the decade-long race to see what lay beyond. We follow the story through the Pyramid Rover missions of 2002 and 2011, the scanning of the pyramid's voids, and the ongoing debate over what these shafts were for: ventilation, star alignment, or something else entirely. Lucas and Luna also reflect on how modern technology keeps rewriting our understanding of Khufu's monument, and why each new finding raises more questions than it answers. If you've ever wondered what's actually inside the Great Pyramid, this episode takes you down the narrow shafts with the robots that went there. #GreatPyramid #GantenbrinkDoor #PyramidRobots #QueenChamber #Khufu #Egyptology #AncientEgypt #PyramidShafts #RudolfGantenbrink #PyramidRover #ScanPyramids #MysteryDoor #CopperHandles #EgyptianMysteries #Giza #AncientTechnology #FexingoHistory #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Lighthouse of Thonis: Sunken City's Guiding Flame 06.08.2026 9min

Before Alexandria, before the Ptolemies, the port of Thonis-Heracleion was Egypt's gateway to the Mediterranean. In this episode, Lucas and Luna dive into the sunken city's rise and fall, exploring its great temple of Amun, the colossal statues of the pharaohs, and the remarkable stele of Nectanebo I that hint at a city of immense wealth and power. They trace Thonis's role in the grain trade, its connections to the mythical hero Heracles, and the dramatic events that led to its submersion beneath the waves. Joined by Luna's curiosity, Lucas brings to life the bustling quays, the rituals of the pharaohs, and the archaeological discoveries that have resurrected this forgotten metropolis. From the ceremonial barques to the mysterious 'Thonis stele', they piece together the story of a city that controlled Egypt's maritime destiny for centuries. Why did it sink? What can its ruins tell us about ancient Mediterranean commerce and religion? Join the conversation for a deep dive into one of Egypt's most extraordinary recent rediscoveries. #ThonisHeracleion #SunkenCity #AncientEgypt #Mediterranean #NectaneboI #Amun #Heracles #MaritimeHistory #UnderwaterArchaeology #FranckGoddio #Ptolemaic #AbukirBay #Canopus #Naucratis #EgyptianTemples #Pharaohs #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Famine Stela: Drought, Politics, and the Priesthood of Khnum 05.08.2026 10min

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Famine Stela, a remarkable inscription carved into the rocks of Sehel Island near Aswan. Dating from the Ptolemaic era but claiming to record events from the reign of the Old Kingdom pharaoh Djoser, the stela tells a story of seven years of famine caused by the neglect of the temple of Khnum at Elephantine. Lucas unpacks the stela's historical context, its blend of historical memory and political propaganda, and how it illuminates the power struggles between the native Egyptian priesthood and the Macedonian-Greek Ptolemaic rulers. They discuss the geological realities of the Nile's floods, the role of Khnum as the god of the inundation, and the stela's later use as a foundation text for temple endowments. The episode also touches on the Elephantine papyri, the Jewish military colony at Elephantine, and the broader tensions between temple, state, and local communities in Hellenistic Egypt. A nuanced look at how ancient Egyptians themselves negotiated with their past. #FamineStela #SehelIsland #Djoser #Khnum #Elephantine #PtolemaicEgypt #NileFlood #AncientEgypt #Hieroglyphs #PtolemyIII #EgyptianPriesthood #HellenisticEgypt #OldKingdom #SacredLandscape #Egyptology #NorthAfrica #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Battle of Diospolis Parva: The Fall of Roman Egypt 04.08.2026 7min

In this episode, Lucas and Luna dive into one of the most dramatic final chapters of ancient Egypt: the Battle of Diospolis Parva in 168 BC. After the failed revolt of the native pharaoh Haronnophris, his successor Ankhwennefer rose up again, only to be crushed by the forces of Ptolemy VI and his Roman allies. We explore the political intrigue of the Ptolemaic court, the brutal reality of Roman intervention, and the lasting impact of this defeat on Egypt's identity. Through the words of the Greek historian Polybius and other contemporary sources, we piece together the events that sealed Egypt's fate as a client state of Rome. This episode also touches on the Great Revolt, the role of the machimoi (native soldiers), and how the dream of Egyptian independence collapsed under the weight of imperial power. It's a story of resilience, betrayal, and the shifting sands of Mediterranean politics. #History #FexingoHistory #AncientEgypt #PtolemaicEgypt #BattleOfDiospolisParva #Ankhwennefer #Haronnophris #PtolemyVI #RomanIntervention #GreatRevolt #Machimoi #Polybius #EgyptianIndependence #PtolemaicDynasty #CleopatraII #NileDelta #RomanEgypt #HellenisticPeriod Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Naqada Cultures: The Birth of Pharaohs Before the First Dynasty 03.08.2026 10min

Long before the pyramids rose at Giza, before the names of Narmer and Menes were carved into stone, the foundations of pharaonic Egypt were laid in the dusty villages of Upper Egypt. This episode of The History of Egypt steps back from the familiar dynasties to explore the Naqada cultures — the people who, over nearly a millennium, transformed from simple farmers into the architects of the world's first territorial state. We trace their rise from the Badarian period through the Naqada I, II, and III phases, following the growth of trade networks that stretched from the Red Sea to the Levant, the emergence of social hierarchy evident in grave goods like the famous Naqada II decorated pottery, and the pivotal role of elite burials at Hierakonpolis, where the earliest symbols of kingship — the scorpion macehead and the Narmer Palette — were unearthed. We discuss the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, the extent to which the Naqada were influenced by southern Nubia, and how recent archaeological evidence from Abydos and the Umm el-Qa'ab cemetery challenges older narratives. Whether you're a long-time listener or just joining us, this episode reframes the origins of pharaonic civilization, showing how the Naqada set the stage for everything that followed. #Naqada #PredynasticEgypt #Hierakonpolis #NarmerPalette #ScorpionMacehead #Abydos #UmmElQaab #Badarian #EgyptianOrigins #FirstDynasty #NubianInfluence #TradeNetworks #AncientEgypt #Archaeology #History #FexingoHistory #NorthAfrica #Pharaohs Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Nilometer: How Ancient Egyptians Measured the Flood 02.08.2026 4min

In this episode of The History of Egypt, Lucas and Luna dive into the Nilometer, an ingenious ancient tool for measuring the Nile's flood levels. From the earliest rock-cut staircases at Elephantine to grand structures like the one on Sehel Island, they explore how this simple yet vital instrument shaped Egyptian agriculture, taxation, and even the very concept of the annual inundation. Along the way, they discuss the priests who monitored the waters, the connection between the Nilometer and the god Hapi, and the famous Palermo Stone, which may hold clues to predynastic flood records. They also separate fact from fiction regarding the so-called 'Nilometer of Joseph' and examine how these structures persisted into Roman times. Tune in for a fresh look at one of Egypt's most underappreciated technologies. #Nilometer #NileFlood #AncientEgypt #Elephantine #PalermoStone #Hapi #Inundation #Agriculture #Taxation #Sehel #RomanEgypt #Ptolemaic #Pharaoh #Egyptology #History #FexingoHistory #NorthAfrica #AncientTechnology Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Mendes Stela: Ptolemy II's Sacred Marriage 01.08.2026 9min

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Mendes Stela, a gray granite monument from the reign of Ptolemy II Philadelphus that records his divine marriage to his sister Arsinoe II. They discuss the stela's discovery in 1925, its inscriptions in Greek and Egyptian, and what it reveals about the blending of Greek and Egyptian religious traditions. The conversation covers the cult of the ram god Banebdjedet at Mendes, the sacred burial of the ram, and the political savvy behind Ptolemy II's deification of his sister. They also touch on the wider context of Ptolemaic ruler cult, the role of the Egyptian priesthood, and the significance of the stela as a piece of propaganda. The episode ends with a reflective question about the nature of divine kingship and the legacy of the Ptolemies. #MendesStela #PtolemyII #ArsinoeII #Banebdjedet #AncientEgypt #PtolemaicDynasty #RulerCult #EgyptianPriesthood #GreekEgyptian #Hieroglyphs #Demotic #Mendes #RamGod #SacredMarriage #SiblingMarriage #DivineKingship #FexingoHistory #History Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo

The Great Sphinx of Giza: Who Built It and Why 30.07.2026 4min

In this episode, Lucas and Luna explore the Great Sphinx of Giza—its origins, purpose, and enduring mysteries. They discuss the conventional attribution to Pharaoh Khafre (c. 2558–2532 BCE), the evidence from valley temple alignments, and the famous Dream Stela of Thutmose IV. They also delve into the controversial water erosion hypothesis proposed by Robert Schoch, which suggests the Sphinx could be thousands of years older. Other topics include the missing nose (dispelling the Napoleon myth), the beard fragments in the British Museum, and the Sphinx's role as the guardian of the Giza necropolis from the 4th Dynasty into the Roman era. #GreatSphinx #Giza #Khafre #DreamStela #ThutmoseIV #RobertSchoch #WaterErosion #Egyptology #Pyramids #Amun #Horemakhet #ValleyTemple #OldKingdom #4thDynasty #BritishMuseum #Archaeology #History #FexingoHistory Keep every episode free: buymeacoffee.com/fexingo