Pro-PA Podcast

Епизоде

• 
  GI101: Diarrhea 101 | A Clinical Medicine Brief 22.09.2026 10мин

  In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, breaks down Diarrhea, a common GI complaint with a wide differential diagnosis. You’ll learn how to classify diarrhea as acute, persistent, or chronic and distinguish among watery, fatty, and inflammatory patterns to help narrow the cause. We’ll review important history and exam clues, when stool studies and additional testing are warranted, and red flags that signal a potentially serious illness. You’ll also learn practical management principles—from hydration and supportive care to cause-specific treatment—while building a systematic approach you can use on both the PANCE and in clinical practice.#Diarrhea #ChronicDiarrhea #Gastroenterology #GI101 #PANCEPrep #PAstudent #ClinicalMedicine #ProPAPodcast
• 
  GI101: Colorectal Cancer | A Clinical Medicine Brief 22.09.2026 9мин

  In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Colorectal Cancer (CRC), one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies and an important cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. You’ll learn to recognize key risk factors and warning signs—including changes in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, iron deficiency anemia, and unexplained weight loss—and understand how right- and left-sided tumors may present differently. We’ll also cover colorectal cancer screening, diagnostic evaluation with colonoscopy and biopsy, staging basics, and the role of surgery and systemic therapy in management. Perfect for PANCE prep and reinforcing the importance of screening and early detection.#ColorectalCancer #ColonCancer #RectalCancer #CancerScreening #Colonoscopy #Gastroenterology #GI101 #PANCEPrep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
• 
  GI101: Polyposis Syndromes | A Clinical Medicine Brief 22.09.2026 10мин

  In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Polyposis Syndromes, inherited conditions characterized by the development of multiple gastrointestinal polyps and, in some cases, a markedly increased risk of colorectal and other cancers. You’ll learn the high-yield features of syndromes such as familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), Gardner syndrome, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, and juvenile polyposis syndrome, including their characteristic polyp types and important extraintestinal findings. We’ll also cover genetic considerations, cancer surveillance, and management strategies aimed at early detection and prevention. Perfect for PANCE prep and keeping these often-confused hereditary GI syndromes straight.#PolyposisSyndromes #FAP #PeutzJeghers #GardnerSyndrome #ColorectalCancer #Gastroenterology #GI101 #PANCEPrep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
• 
  GI101: Adenomatous Polyps | A Clinical Medicine Brief 22.09.2026 8мин

  In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Adenomatous Polyps, neoplastic colorectal polyps with the potential to progress to colorectal cancer through the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. You’ll learn to distinguish tubular, tubulovillous, and villous adenomas, recognize features associated with greater malignant potential, and understand why polyp size, histology, and dysplasia matter. We’ll also cover the role of colonoscopy, polypectomy, and surveillance in preventing colorectal cancer. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your understanding of colorectal cancer prevention.#AdenomatousPolyps #ColonPolyps #ColorectalCancer #Colonoscopy #Gastroenterology #GI101 #PANCEPrep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
• 
  GI101: Non-Neoplastic Colorectal Polyps | A Clinical Medicine Brief 22.09.2026 8мин

  In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Non-Neoplastic Colorectal Polyps, a group of generally benign lesions that do not carry the same malignant potential as adenomatous polyps. You’ll learn the key features of common types—including hyperplastic, inflammatory, and hamartomatous polyps—and the clinical settings in which they may appear. We’ll also discuss how polyp type, size, location, and associated syndromes influence evaluation and follow-up, while highlighting the important distinction between non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. Perfect for PANCE prep and building a strong foundation for understanding colorectal polyps and cancer screening.#ColorectalPolyps #ColonPolyps #HyperplasticPolyps #Gastroenterology #GI101 #PANCEPrep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
• 
  GI101: Toxic Megacolon | A Clinical Medicine Brief 21.09.2026 10мин

  In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Toxic Megacolon, a life-threatening complication characterized by acute colonic dilation accompanied by systemic toxicity. You’ll learn to recognize key warning signs such as abdominal distention, pain, fever, tachycardia, and systemic illness, as well as its association with severe inflammatory bowel disease and infectious colitis. We’ll also cover important diagnostic findings, why colonoscopy and certain medications should be avoided, and the essentials of urgent management—including bowel rest, IV fluids, treatment of the underlying cause, and early surgical consultation. Perfect for PANCE prep and recognizing a GI emergency where rapid intervention matters.#ToxicMegacolon #UlcerativeColitis #IBD #GIemergency #AcuteAbdomen #Gastroenterology #GI101 #PANCEPrep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
• 
  GI101: Ulcerative Colitis (UC) | A Clinical Medicine Brief 17.09.2026 5мин

  In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Ulcerative Colitis (UC), a chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by continuous inflammation of the colonic mucosa beginning at the rectum. You’ll learn to recognize hallmark features such as bloody diarrhea, abdominal cramping, urgency, and tenesmus, while distinguishing UC from Crohn disease through its characteristic distribution and depth of inflammation. We’ll also cover key diagnostic findings, extraintestinal manifestations, complications such as toxic megacolon and increased colorectal cancer risk, and treatment strategies for inducing and maintaining remission. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your understanding of inflammatory bowel disease.#UlcerativeColitis #UC #IBD #InflammatoryBowelDisease #Gastroenterology #GI101 #PANCEPrep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
• 
  GI101: Crohn Disease | A Clinical Medicine Brief 17.09.2026 6мин

  In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Crohn Disease, a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can affect any portion of the GI tract from mouth to anus. You’ll learn to recognize hallmark features such as abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, weight loss, skip lesions, and transmural inflammation, along with complications including fistulas, strictures, and abscesses. We’ll also cover key diagnostic findings, extraintestinal manifestations, and treatment strategies aimed at inducing and maintaining remission. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your understanding of inflammatory bowel disease.#CrohnDisease #IBD #InflammatoryBowelDisease #Gastroenterology #GI101 #PANCEPrep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
• 
  GI101: Ischemic Bowel Disease | A Clinical Medicine Brief 17.09.2026 6мин

  In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Ischemic Bowel Disease, a spectrum of conditions caused by inadequate blood flow to the gastrointestinal tract. You’ll learn to distinguish acute mesenteric ischemia from ischemic colitis, recognize high-yield presentations—including severe abdominal pain out of proportion to the physical exam—and identify important vascular and low-flow risk factors. We’ll also cover key diagnostic clues, the role of CT angiography, and why rapid recognition and intervention are critical when acute mesenteric ischemia is suspected. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your approach to vascular causes of acute abdominal pain.#IschemicBowelDisease #MesentericIschemia #IschemicColitis #AcuteAbdomen #Gastroenterology #GI101 #PANCEPrep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
• 
  GI101: Colon Obstruction | A Clinical Medicine Brief 15.09.2026 6мин

  In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Colon Obstruction, a potentially serious cause of acute abdominal pain resulting from mechanical blockage of the large bowel. You’ll learn to recognize hallmark features such as progressive abdominal distention, crampy pain, constipation or obstipation, and vomiting, while reviewing common causes including colorectal cancer, volvulus, and diverticular disease. We’ll also cover key imaging findings, initial stabilization, and when urgent surgical consultation or decompression is necessary. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your approach to acute large bowel pathology.#ColonObstruction #LargeBowelObstruction #AcuteAbdomen #Gastroenterology #GI101 #PANCEPrep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
• 
  GI101: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) | A Clinical Medicine Brief 15.09.2026 11мин

  In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), a disorder of gut-brain interaction characterized by recurrent abdominal pain associated with changes in bowel habits. You’ll learn how to recognize the major IBS subtypes, apply the Rome IV diagnostic criteria, and identify alarm features that should prompt evaluation for an alternative diagnosis. We’ll also cover practical management strategies—including dietary modification, lifestyle interventions, and symptom-directed therapy for constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your approach to one of the most common GI complaints encountered in clinical practice.#IBS #IrritableBowelSyndrome #RomeIV #Gastroenterology #GI101 #PANCEPrep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
• 
  GI101: Diverticulitis | A Clinical Medicine Brief 15.09.2026 5мин

  In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Diverticulitis, inflammation of colonic diverticula that commonly presents with left lower quadrant abdominal pain, fever, and changes in bowel habits. You’ll learn to recognize the classic presentation, understand the role of CT imaging in diagnosis, and differentiate uncomplicated from complicated disease. We’ll also cover current management strategies—including when outpatient treatment is appropriate, the evolving role of antibiotics, and when complications such as abscess, perforation, fistula, or obstruction require hospitalization or surgical consultation. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your approach to acute abdominal pain.#Diverticulitis #DiverticularDisease #AcuteAbdomen #Gastroenterology #GI101 #PANCEPrep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
• 
  GI101: Diverticulosis | A Clinical Medicine Brief 15.09.2026 5мин

  In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Diverticulosis, the presence of sac-like diverticula within the colon that becomes increasingly common with age. You’ll learn how diverticula form, recognize that most patients are asymptomatic, and distinguish uncomplicated diverticulosis from complications such as diverticular bleeding and diverticulitis. We’ll also cover common risk factors, diagnostic considerations, and practical management strategies—including the role of dietary fiber and lifestyle modification. Perfect for PANCE prep and building a strong foundation before tackling diverticulitis.#Diverticulosis #DiverticularDisease #Gastroenterology #GI101 #PANCEPrep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
• 
  CARDIO101: Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) | A Clinical Medicine Brief 27.02.2026 9мин

  In this episode of CARDIO101, guest host Dr. Angelica Urbina, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Arteriovenous Malformations (AVMs) from a cardiovascular perspective. You’ll learn how AVMs bypass the normal capillary bed to create high-flow shunting, how they present in the brain, lungs, and extremities, and their association with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). The episode also covers key clinical features, basic imaging approaches, potential complications such as hypoxemia and high-output heart failure, and practical management principles—all at a clear, PANCE-ready level.#AVM #ArteriovenousMalformation #Cardiology #HHT #VascularMedicine #PANCEPrep #ProPAPodcast
• 
  GI101: Appendicitis | A Clinical Medicine Brief 23.02.2026 5мин

  In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Appendicitis, one of the most common causes of acute abdominal pain requiring surgical intervention. You’ll learn to recognize classic symptom progression from periumbilical pain to right lower quadrant tenderness, understand key exam findings such as McBurney point tenderness and rebound pain, and review diagnostic strategies including labs and CT imaging. We’ll also cover management—ranging from antibiotics in select cases to urgent appendectomy—and discuss complications like perforation and abscess formation. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your acute abdominal decision-making skills.#Appendicitis #AcuteAbdomen #RightLowerQuadrantPain #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
• 
  GI101: Small Intestine Polyps | A Clinical Medicine Brief 23.02.2026 5мин

  In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Small Intestine Polyps, uncommon but clinically important lesions that may present with bleeding, anemia, obstruction, or be discovered incidentally. You’ll learn about different polyp types—including adenomatous, hamartomatous, and those associated with hereditary syndromes such as Peutz-Jeghers and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)—along with key diagnostic tools and management strategies. We’ll also discuss surveillance considerations and when referral for genetic evaluation is warranted. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your understanding of small bowel pathology.#SmallIntestinePolyps #GI101 #PeutzJeghers #FAP #GIpathology #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
• 
  GI101: Food Allergies & Food Sensitivities | A Clinical Medicine Brief 23.02.2026 6мин

  In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Food Allergies and Food Sensitivities, helping you distinguish immune-mediated reactions from non-immune food intolerances. You’ll learn the difference between IgE-mediated food allergies—which can cause urticaria, angioedema, or anaphylaxis—and food sensitivities such as lactose intolerance or other non-allergic gastrointestinal responses. We’ll also cover diagnostic approaches, elimination diets, when to refer for allergy testing, and key counseling points for patient safety. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your approach to patients with food-related GI complaints.#FoodAllergy #FoodSensitivity #GI101 #PrimaryCare #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
• 
  GI101: Lactose Intolerance | A Clinical Medicine Brief 23.02.2026 5мин

  In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Lactose Intolerance, a common cause of osmotic diarrhea due to lactase deficiency in the small intestine. You’ll learn how to recognize hallmark symptoms such as bloating, flatulence, abdominal cramping, and diarrhea after dairy ingestion, understand the difference between primary and secondary lactase deficiency, and review diagnostic options like the hydrogen breath test. We’ll also cover practical management strategies including dietary modification and lactase enzyme supplementation. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your approach to malabsorption and chronic diarrhea.#LactoseIntolerance #Malabsorption #OsmoticDiarrhea #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
• 
  GI101: Celiac Disease | A Clinical Medicine Brief 23.02.2026 6мин

  In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Celiac Disease, an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion that leads to small intestinal villous atrophy and malabsorption. You’ll learn hallmark features such as chronic diarrhea, weight loss, iron deficiency anemia, and dermatitis herpetiformis, along with key diagnostic testing including tissue transglutaminase (tTG-IgA) antibodies and confirmatory biopsy. We’ll also cover associated autoimmune conditions and the cornerstone of management—a strict lifelong gluten-free diet. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your understanding of malabsorptive disorders.#CeliacDisease #Malabsorption #GlutenFree #Autoimmune #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast
• 
  GI101: Paralytic Ileus | A Clinical Medicine Brief 23.02.2026 6мин

  In this episode of GI101, host Dr. Christina G. Gonzales, DMSc, MPAS, PA-C, reviews Paralytic Ileus, a functional obstruction caused by decreased intestinal motility rather than a mechanical blockage. You’ll learn to recognize hallmark features such as abdominal distention, hypoactive or absent bowel sounds, and diffuse dilation of bowel loops on imaging. We’ll also break down common causes—including postoperative states, electrolyte abnormalities, medications, and systemic illness—and review evidence-based management strategies focused on supportive care and correction of underlying factors. Perfect for PANCE prep and strengthening your clinical reasoning when differentiating ileus from true obstruction.#ParalyticIleus #FunctionalObstruction #AbdominalDistention #GI101 #PANCEprep #PAstudent #ProPAPodcast