Cardiology Course FM

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  Cardiac Care at 100 and Beyond — Treatment and Management of Centenarians and the Very Old 12.10.2026 46dk

  More patients now live beyond 100 — and most of our guidelines stop at 75 or 80. In this masterclass we cover cardiac care for centenarians and the very old: the physiology of the ageing heart (arterial stiffness, diastolic dysfunction, conduction disease, blunted reserve) and the high prevalence of wild-type ATTR amyloid; comprehensive geriatric assessment, the Clinical Frailty Scale and goals of care; avoiding both ageism and over-treatment; deprescribing with STOPP/START and Beers criteria and dosing by Cockcroft-Gault; individualised blood pressure targets and orthostatic hypotension (HYVET, SPRINT); anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation with appropriately dosed DOACs, falls, and very-low-dose edoxaban (ELDERCARE-AF); HFpEF and gentle diuresis, SGLT2 inhibitors (EMPEROR-Preserved, DELIVER); TAVR in nonagenarians and centenarians and the risk of futile procedures; mitral and tricuspid TEER (COAPT, TRILUMINATE); acute coronary syndromes in the very old (After Eighty, SENIOR, MOSCA-FRAIL, POPular AGE), clopidogrel and short DAPT; bradyarrhythmias, leadless pacing, syncope and falls; why ICDs are rarely appropriate and the evidence gap for statins (STAREE, PREVENTABLE); dementia and capacity, CKD and anaemia; the hazards of hospitalisation and delirium; family caregiving in India; lifestyle at 100; and advance care planning — illustrated with a 101-year-old patient's case.Guest: Dr. A M Thirugnanam, MD, MSICP, FSCAI, Ph.D., Senior Interventional Cardiologist, author, educator and founder of the Academy of Elite Doctors.Host: Alexander WoodCardiology Course FM is the station for doctors, students, nurses and everyone who looks after the heart.Learn more:• Cardiology books: https://cardiologybooks.com• Mentorship with the Academy of Elite Doctors: https://academyofelitedoctors.com• Online cardiology courses: https://cardiologycourse.com• World Elite Doctors: https://worldelitedoctors.comFor medical education only. This episode is not a substitute for individual medical advice.
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  Tertiary Cardiac Care in the Final Days — Treatment and Management of the Dying Cardiac Patient 12.10.2026 43dk

  We cannot always cure, but we can always care. In this masterclass we cover tertiary cardiac care for the critically ill patient in the final days of life: recognising the dying cardiac patient (refractory shock, progressive multi-organ failure, repeated arrests, mechanical support with no exit strategy), the surprise question and SPICT; excluding reversible causes and using time-limited trials; communicating serious news and leading family meetings with a SPIKES-based approach and substituted judgement; cultural, religious and legal considerations, including India's Common Cause judgment and advance directives; DNACPR decisions and ceilings of treatment; neuroprognostication after cardiac arrest; managing disagreement; withholding versus withdrawing life support and how to withdraw inotropes, mechanical ventilation, IABP, ECMO and dialysis; ICD shock deactivation and LVAD deactivation; expert symptom control for breathlessness, pain, anxiety, delirium and terminal secretions (opioids adjusted for renal function, midazolam, haloperidol, glycopyrronium), palliative sedation, rationalising cardiac medicines, nutrition and hydration; dying at home with anticipatory medicines; early advance care planning and palliative care (PAL-HF, ENABLE CHF-PC); organ donation; and bereavement and staff support — illustrated with a worked case.Guest: Dr. A M Thirugnanam, MD, MSICP, FSCAI, Ph.D., Senior Interventional Cardiologist, author, educator and founder of the Academy of Elite Doctors.Host: Alexander WoodCardiology Course FM is the station for doctors, students, nurses and everyone who looks after the heart.Learn more:• Cardiology books: https://cardiologybooks.com• Mentorship with the Academy of Elite Doctors: https://academyofelitedoctors.com• Online cardiology courses: https://cardiologycourse.com• World Elite Doctors: https://worldelitedoctors.comFor medical education only. This episode is not a substitute for individual medical advice.
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  Recurrent Heart Failure — Diagnosis, Treatment and Management 12.10.2026 46dk

  Every readmission for heart failure is a signal that something has not been fixed. In this masterclass we cover recurrent and worsening heart failure from end to end: the definition of a worsening HF event and the HFrEF, HFmrEF, HFpEF and HFimpEF categories; a systematic search for precipitants (non-adherence, ischaemia, arrhythmia, hypertension, infection, renal dysfunction, harmful drugs, valve disease and under-treatment); diagnosis with clinical congestion and perfusion profiles, NT-proBNP trends, echocardiography, lung ultrasound, VExUS and cardiac MRI, including when to suspect ATTR amyloid; complete decongestion with adequately dosed IV loop diuretics, natriuresis-guided therapy and sequential nephron blockade (DOSE, PUSH-AHF, ADVOR, CLOROTIC); why a modest creatinine rise should not stop decongestion; the four pillars for HFrEF started in hospital and rapidly up-titrated (PARADIGM-HF, PIONEER-HF, DAPA-HF, EMPEROR-Reduced, EMPULSE, SOLOIST-WHF, STRONG-HF); vericiguat, ivabradine, digoxin and intravenous iron (VICTORIA, SHIFT, AFFIRM-AHF, IRONMAN); managing hyperkalaemia and low blood pressure; HFpEF therapy with SGLT2 inhibitors, finerenone and GLP-1–based therapy (EMPEROR-Preserved, DELIVER, FINEARTS-HF, STEP-HFpEF, SUMMIT); devices and interventions (CRT, ICD, CASTLE-AF, CASTLE-HTx, COAPT, STICH, REVIVED-BCIS2); remote monitoring (CHAMPION, GUIDE-HF, TIM-HF2); a safe transition home, salt and fluid advice (SODIUM-HF, FRESH-UP); realistic care in resource-limited settings (TRANSFORM-HF); recognising advanced heart failure with I NEED HELP; and palliative care — illustrated with a worked case.Guest: Dr. A M Thirugnanam, MD, MSICP, FSCAI, Ph.D., Senior Interventional Cardiologist, author, educator and founder of the Academy of Elite Doctors.Host: Alexander WoodCardiology Course FM is the station for doctors, students, nurses and everyone who looks after the heart.Learn more:• Cardiology books: https://cardiologybooks.com• Mentorship with the Academy of Elite Doctors: https://academyofelitedoctors.com• Online cardiology courses: https://cardiologycourse.com• World Elite Doctors: https://worldelitedoctors.comFor medical education only. This episode is not a substitute for individual medical advice.
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  ECMO in Cardiac Care — Device Selection, Indications, Maintenance, Medications and Weaning 12.10.2026 46dk

  ECMO buys time — but only if we choose the right patient, the right configuration and a clear destination. In this masterclass we cover the ECMO circuit, choosing veno-venous versus veno-arterial support (and hybrid V-A-V configurations), indications and contraindications, the SAVE and RESP scores, ultrasound-guided cannulation and the distal perfusion cannula, daily circuit management (flows, pressures, pre- and post-oxygenator gases, right radial monitoring and Harlequin syndrome), left ventricular distension and unloading with IABP or Impella (ECPELLA), anticoagulation with unfractionated heparin guided by anti-Xa levels, bivalirudin for HIT, DAPT in freshly stented patients, transfusion and haemolysis monitoring, sedation and antibiotic pharmacokinetics on the circuit, vasopressors and inotropes, weaning (flow-reduction trials with echo criteria for VA-ECMO and sweep-off trials for VV-ECMO), bridge to LVAD or transplant, palliative care, and care after decannulation — illustrated with a fulminant myocarditis case and the evidence from ECLS-SHOCK, CULPRIT-SHOCK, DanGer Shock, CESAR, EOLIA, ARREST, Prague OHCA and INCEPTION.Guest: Dr. A M Thirugnanam, MD, MSICP, FSCAI, Ph.D., Senior Interventional Cardiologist, author, educator and founder of the Academy of Elite Doctors.Host: Alexander WoodCardiology Course FM is the station for doctors, students, nurses and everyone who looks after the heart.Learn more:• Cardiology books: https://cardiologybooks.com• Mentorship with the Academy of Elite Doctors: https://academyofelitedoctors.com• Online cardiology courses: https://cardiologycourse.com• World Elite Doctors: https://worldelitedoctors.comFor medical education only. This episode is not a substitute for individual medical advice.
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  How Experts Think — Approaching Complex and Challenging Cases in Cardiology 12.10.2026 44dk

  Over 58 episodes we have studied diseases. Today we study how an expert thinks. How do you approach the complex, challenging case that does not fit the textbook — the patient with a heart attack, kidney failure and a bleeding history all at once? We cover the four types of complexity, stabilising before thinking, applying trials wisely (is my patient the trial patient?), the Heart Team, cognitive traps such as anchoring and the oculostenotic reflex, risk scores, physiology and intravascular imaging, managing complications, shared decision-making and practice in resource-limited settings — with worked cases drawing on SYNTAX, EXCEL, ISCHEMIA, REVIVED, CULPRIT-SHOCK, DanGer Shock, AUGUSTUS, PIONEER AF-PCI, PARTNER, COAPT and STREAM.Guest: Dr. A M Thirugnanam, MD, MSICP, FSCAI, Ph.D., Senior Interventional Cardiologist, author, educator and founder of the Academy of Elite Doctors.Host: Alexander WoodCardiology Course FM is the station for doctors, students, nurses and everyone who looks after the heart.Learn more:• Cardiology books: https://cardiologybooks.com• Mentorship with the Academy of Elite Doctors: https://academyofelitedoctors.com• Online cardiology courses: https://cardiologycourse.com• World Elite Doctors: https://worldelitedoctors.comFor medical education only. This episode is not a substitute for individual medical advice.
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  The Basic Skills That Master Complex and Challenging Cases in Cardiology 12.10.2026 42dk

  The Basic Skills That Master Complex and Challenging Cases in CardiologyIn our last episode we explored how an expert thinks. Today we go to the foundation underneath: the basic skills that win complex and challenging cases. We cover the investigative history (tempo, trigger, trajectory, background and every medicine), the purposeful examination, a systematic ECG read with the dangerous patterns, focused bedside echo, haemodynamics (pump, pipes, volume or rate), safe radial and ultrasound-guided femoral access, temporary pacing, pericardiocentesis, resuscitation and cardioversion, guide and wire handling, physiology and intravascular imaging, antithrombotic pharmacology and reversal, interpreting labs as trends, procedure planning with bail-out options, closed-loop communication, handover and documentation — drawing on RIVAL, MATRIX, FAME, DEFINE-FLAIR, iFR-SWEDEHEART, ULTIMATE, RENOVATE-COMPLEX-PCI, OCTOBER, EBC MAIN and DKCRUSH.Guest: Dr. A M Thirugnanam, MD, MSICP, FSCAI, Ph.D., Senior Interventional Cardiologist, author, educator and founder of the Academy of Elite Doctors.Host: Alexander WoodCardiology Course FM is the station for doctors, students, nurses and everyone who looks after the heart.Learn more:• Cardiology books: https://cardiologybooks.com• Mentorship with the Academy of Elite Doctors: https://academyofelitedoctors.com• Online cardiology courses: https://cardiologycourse.com• World Elite Doctors: https://worldelitedoctors.comFor medical education only. This episode is not a substitute for individual medical advice.
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  How Experts Think — Approaching Complex and Challenging Cases in Cardiology 12.10.2026 44dk

  How Experts Think — Approaching Complex and Challenging Cases in CardiologyOver 58 episodes we have studied diseases. Today we study how an expert thinks. How do you approach the complex, challenging case that does not fit the textbook — the patient with a heart attack, kidney failure and a bleeding history all at once? We cover the four types of complexity, stabilising before thinking, applying trials wisely (is my patient the trial patient?), the Heart Team, cognitive traps such as anchoring and the oculostenotic reflex, risk scores, physiology and intravascular imaging, managing complications, shared decision-making and practice in resource-limited settings — with worked cases drawing on SYNTAX, EXCEL, ISCHEMIA, REVIVED, CULPRIT-SHOCK, DanGer Shock, AUGUSTUS, PIONEER AF-PCI, PARTNER, COAPT and STREAM.Guest: Dr. A M Thirugnanam, MD, MSICP, FSCAI, Ph.D., Senior Interventional Cardiologist, author, educator and founder of the Academy of Elite Doctors.Host: Alexander WoodCardiology Course FM is the station for doctors, students, nurses and everyone who looks after the heart.Learn more:• Cardiology books: https://cardiologybooks.com• Mentorship with the Academy of Elite Doctors: https://academyofelitedoctors.com• Online cardiology courses: https://cardiologycourse.com• World Elite Doctors: https://worldelitedoctors.comFor medical education only. This episode is not a substitute for individual medical advice.
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  Resistant and Malignant Hypertension: Diagnosis, Current Guidelines, Treatment and Management 11.10.2026 45dk

  In our last episode we covered hypertension and the current guidelines. Today we go deeper into the two most challenging forms: resistant hypertension, where blood pressure stays high despite multiple medicines, and malignant hypertension, a true medical emergency in which severely raised blood pressure damages the eyes, kidneys, brain and heart, sometimes within days. We'll cover definitions, how to uncover hidden causes, the step-by-step treatment of resistant hypertension including renal denervation and new drugs, and the emergency management of malignant hypertension.Guest: Dr. A M Thirugnanam, MD, MSICP, FSCAI, Ph.D., Senior Interventional Cardiologist, author, educator and founder of the Academy of Elite Doctors.Host: Alexander WoodCardiology Course FM is the station for doctors, students, nurses and everyone who looks after the heart.Learn more:• Cardiology books: https://cardiologybooks.com• Mentorship with the Academy of Elite Doctors: https://academyofelitedoctors.com• Online cardiology courses: https://cardiologycourse.com• World Elite Doctors: https://worldelitedoctors.comFor medical education only. This episode is not a substitute for individual medical advice.
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  Hypertension: Diagnosis, Current Guidelines, Treatment and Management 11.10.2026 45dk

  Today's topic is the single most important modifiable risk factor for death worldwide: hypertension, or high blood pressure. It affects over a billion people, causes strokes, heart attacks, heart failure, kidney disease and dementia — and yet most people with it are either undiagnosed, untreated or poorly controlled. In the last two years, new European and American guidelines have changed how we define, measure and treat blood pressure, and exciting new treatments are arriving. We'll cover diagnosis, the current guidelines, treatment and long-term management.Guest: Dr. A M Thirugnanam, MD, MSICP, FSCAI, Ph.D., Senior Interventional Cardiologist, author, educator and founder of the Academy of Elite Doctors.Host: Alexander WoodCardiology Course FM is the station for doctors, students, nurses and everyone who looks after the heart.Learn more:• Cardiology books: https://cardiologybooks.com• Mentorship with the Academy of Elite Doctors: https://academyofelitedoctors.com• Online cardiology courses: https://cardiologycourse.com• World Elite Doctors: https://worldelitedoctors.comFor medical education only. This episode is not a substitute for individual medical advice.
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  Leadless Pacemaker Implantation: Treatment and Management 11.10.2026 44dk

  In our recent episodes we've explored conduction disease, pacemaker modes and cardiac resynchronisation. Today we focus on one of the most remarkable innovations in device therapy: the leadless pacemaker. Imagine a complete pacemaker — battery, electronics and electrode — about the size of a large vitamin capsule, delivered through a vein in the leg and fixed directly inside the heart, with no wires and no surgical pocket. We'll cover how these devices work, who should receive them, how they are implanted, their complications, and how patients should be managed in the long term.Guest: Dr. A M Thirugnanam, MD, MSICP, FSCAI, Ph.D., Senior Interventional Cardiologist, author, educator and founder of the Academy of Elite Doctors.Host: Alexander WoodCardiology Course FM is the station for doctors, students, nurses and everyone who looks after the heart.Learn more:• Cardiology books: https://cardiologybooks.com• Mentorship with the Academy of Elite Doctors: https://academyofelitedoctors.com• Online cardiology courses: https://cardiologycourse.com• World Elite Doctors: https://worldelitedoctors.comFor medical education only. This episode is not a substitute for individual medical advice.
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  Cardiac Resynchronisation Therapy (CRT): Treatment and Management 11.10.2026 45dk

  In our last episode we discussed conduction defects and pacemaker modes. Today we focus on one of the most important device therapies for heart failure: cardiac resynchronisation therapy, or CRT. For the right patient, it can transform breathlessness into an active life, shrink a dilated heart and reduce the risk of death. But around a third of patients don't respond as hoped. So who should receive CRT, how is it implanted, how do we make sure it works, and what are the new alternatives, such as conduction system pacing?Guest: Dr. A M Thirugnanam, MD, MSICP, FSCAI, Ph.D., Senior Interventional Cardiologist, author, educator and founder of the Academy of Elite Doctors.Host: Alexander WoodCardiology Course FM is the station for doctors, students, nurses and everyone who looks after the heart.Learn more:• Cardiology books: https://cardiologybooks.com• Mentorship with the Academy of Elite Doctors: https://academyofelitedoctors.com• Online cardiology courses: https://cardiologycourse.com• World Elite Doctors: https://worldelitedoctors.comFor medical education only. This episode is not a substitute for individual medical advice.
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  Cardiac Conduction Defects and Pacemaker Mode Selection: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management 11.10.2026 44dk

  Today we're exploring the heart's wiring — the conduction system — and what happens when it fails. Sinus node disease, heart block and bundle branch block can cause dizziness, fainting, heart failure and even sudden death. And the pacemaker, one of the greatest inventions in medicine, can restore a normal life. But which patients need a pacemaker, and which mode should we choose — single chamber, dual chamber, biventricular, conduction system pacing, or the new leadless devices? We'll cover diagnosis, temporary and permanent pacing, mode selection and long-term management.Guest: Dr. A M Thirugnanam, MD, MSICP, FSCAI, Ph.D., Senior Interventional Cardiologist, author, educator and founder of the Academy of Elite Doctors.Host: Alexander WoodCardiology Course FM is the station for doctors, students, nurses and everyone who looks after the heart.Learn more:• Cardiology books: https://cardiologybooks.com• Mentorship with the Academy of Elite Doctors: https://academyofelitedoctors.com• Online cardiology courses: https://cardiologycourse.com• World Elite Doctors: https://worldelitedoctors.comFor medical education only. This episode is not a substitute for individual medical advice.
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  Cardiac Ventricular Arrhythmias: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management 11.10.2026 45dk

  In our last episode we explored the atrial arrhythmias. Today we move down to the ventricles, where arrhythmias can be the difference between life and death. Ventricular arrhythmias range from harmless extra beats to ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation and sudden cardiac death, which claims millions of lives worldwide every year. We'll cover the mechanisms, how to interpret the ECG, how to investigate the underlying heart, and how to treat — from the emergency department to the cath lab and the electrophysiology suite.Guest: Dr. A M Thirugnanam, MD, MSICP, FSCAI, Ph.D., Senior Interventional Cardiologist, author, educator and founder of the Academy of Elite Doctors.Host: Alexander WoodCardiology Course FM is the station for doctors, students, nurses and everyone who looks after the heart.Learn more:• Cardiology books: https://cardiologybooks.com• Mentorship with the Academy of Elite Doctors: https://academyofelitedoctors.com• Online cardiology courses: https://cardiologycourse.com• World Elite Doctors: https://worldelitedoctors.comFor medical education only. This episode is not a substitute for individual medical advice.
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  Cardiac Atrial Arrhythmias: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management 11.10.2026 44dk

  Today we're focusing on the atrial arrhythmias — the rhythm disturbances that arise in the upper chambers of the heart. They range from harmless atrial ectopic beats to atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter and, most importantly, atrial fibrillation, the commonest sustained arrhythmia in the world and a major cause of stroke and heart failure. We'll cover how to recognise them on the ECG, how to investigate them, and how to treat and manage them using the latest guidelines and trials.Guest: Dr. A M Thirugnanam, MD, MSICP, FSCAI, Ph.D., Senior Interventional Cardiologist, author, educator and founder of the Academy of Elite Doctors.Host: Alexander WoodCardiology Course FM is the station for doctors, students, nurses and everyone who looks after the heart.Learn more:• Cardiology books: https://cardiologybooks.com• Mentorship with the Academy of Elite Doctors: https://academyofelitedoctors.com• Online cardiology courses: https://cardiologycourse.com• World Elite Doctors: https://worldelitedoctors.comFor medical education only. This episode is not a substitute for individual medical advice.
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  Cardiac Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Classification, Mechanisms, Effects and Side Effects 11.10.2026 45dk

  Today's topic is one that every doctor prescribes, every examiner asks about, and many of us find confusing: the antiarrhythmic drugs. How are they classified? How do they work at the level of the ion channels? When do we use them — and, just as importantly, when can they harm or even kill? From amiodarone and flecainide to beta-blockers, digoxin and adenosine, we'll cover classification, mechanisms, clinical effects and side effects.Guest: Dr. A M Thirugnanam, MD, MSICP, FSCAI, Ph.D., Senior Interventional Cardiologist, author, educator and founder of the Academy of Elite Doctors.Host: Alexander WoodCardiology Course FM is the station for doctors, students, nurses and everyone who looks after the heart.Learn more:• Cardiology books: https://cardiologybooks.com• Mentorship with the Academy of Elite Doctors: https://academyofelitedoctors.com• Online cardiology courses: https://cardiologycourse.com• World Elite Doctors: https://worldelitedoctors.comFor medical education only. This episode is not a substitute for individual medical advice.
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  Screen Time, Prolonged Sitting and the Heart: Cardiovascular Effects in AI and Software Professionals 11.10.2026 44dk

  Today's topic touches millions of people, and perhaps many of our listeners personally: the health effects of excessive screen time and prolonged sitting. Software engineers, AI developers, data scientists and gamers often sit in front of screens for twelve, sixteen, even twenty hours a day, working through the night to meet deadlines or match time zones on the other side of the world. We'll discuss how this lifestyle affects the heart, the blood vessels and every other system in the body, how to detect problems early, and how to treat and prevent them.Guest: Dr. A M Thirugnanam, MD, MSICP, FSCAI, Ph.D., Senior Interventional Cardiologist, author, educator and founder of the Academy of Elite Doctors.Host: Alexander WoodCardiology Course FM is the station for doctors, students, nurses and everyone who looks after the heart.Learn more:• Cardiology books: https://cardiologybooks.com• Mentorship with the Academy of Elite Doctors: https://academyofelitedoctors.com• Online cardiology courses: https://cardiologycourse.com• World Elite Doctors: https://worldelitedoctors.comFor medical education only. This episode is not a substitute for individual medical advice.
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  Global Warming, El Nino, Earthquakes, Landslides and the Cardiovascular System: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management 11.10.2026 44dk

  Today we're exploring a topic that is rapidly moving from the margins to the centre of cardiology: how our changing planet affects the heart. Global warming, record-breaking heat waves, El Nino cycles, wildfires and air pollution, and natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and landslides — all of these place enormous stress on the cardiovascular system. Heart attacks, strokes, heart failure and sudden deaths rise during and after these events. We'll discuss the mechanisms, how to recognise and diagnose cardiovascular problems in these situations, and how to treat, manage and prepare.Guest: Dr. A M Thirugnanam, MD, MSICP, FSCAI, Ph.D., Senior Interventional Cardiologist, author, educator and founder of the Academy of Elite Doctors.Host: Alexander WoodCardiology Course FM is the station for doctors, students, nurses and everyone who looks after the heart.Learn more:• Cardiology books: https://cardiologybooks.com• Mentorship with the Academy of Elite Doctors: https://academyofelitedoctors.com• Online cardiology courses: https://cardiologycourse.com• World Elite Doctors: https://worldelitedoctors.comFor medical education only. This episode is not a substitute for individual medical advice.
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  The Coronary Artery Disease Epidemic: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management 11.10.2026 45dk

  Today we're tackling what many experts call the greatest epidemic of our time — the epidemic of coronary artery disease. It is the leading cause of death worldwide, and nowhere is the challenge greater than in South Asia, where heart attacks strike a decade earlier than in the West, often in people in their thirties and forties. We'll also look at how infectious epidemics, such as influenza and COVID-19, interact with coronary disease. And we'll cover diagnosis, treatment and, above all, prevention.Guest: Dr. A M Thirugnanam, MD, MSICP, FSCAI, Ph.D., Senior Interventional Cardiologist, author, educator and founder of the Academy of Elite Doctors.Host: Alexander WoodCardiology Course FM is the station for doctors, students, nurses and everyone who looks after the heart.Learn more:• Cardiology books: https://cardiologybooks.com• Mentorship with the Academy of Elite Doctors: https://academyofelitedoctors.com• Online cardiology courses: https://cardiologycourse.com• World Elite Doctors: https://worldelitedoctors.comFor medical education only. This episode is not a substitute for individual medical advice.
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  Collagen Vascular Diseases and the Heart: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management 11.10.2026 45dk

  Today we're exploring an area where cardiology meets rheumatology: the collagen vascular diseases, also called connective tissue diseases — lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, inflammatory myositis, Sjögren's syndrome, the spondyloarthropathies and the vasculitides. These conditions can affect every layer of the heart — the pericardium, the myocardium, the valves, the coronary arteries, the conduction system and the pulmonary circulation — and heart disease is now one of the leading causes of death in these patients. We'll cover how they affect the heart, how to diagnose cardiac involvement, and how to treat and manage it.Guest: Dr. A M Thirugnanam, MD, MSICP, FSCAI, Ph.D., Senior Interventional Cardiologist, author, educator and founder of the Academy of Elite Doctors.Host: Alexander WoodCardiology Course FM is the station for doctors, students, nurses and everyone who looks after the heart.Learn more:• Cardiology books: https://cardiologybooks.com• Mentorship with the Academy of Elite Doctors: https://academyofelitedoctors.com• Online cardiology courses: https://cardiologycourse.com• World Elite Doctors: https://worldelitedoctors.comFor medical education only. This episode is not a substitute for individual medical advice.
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  Culture-Negative Infective Endocarditis: Diagnosis, Treatment and Management 11.10.2026 44dk

  In a recent episode we covered bacterial infective endocarditis. Today we tackle one of its most frustrating forms: culture-negative endocarditis. The patient has fever, a murmur and a vegetation on the echo — yet every blood culture comes back sterile. Without an organism, how do we choose antibiotics, how long do we treat, and how do we know we've got the right diagnosis at all? We'll cover the causes, a systematic diagnostic approach, targeted and empirical treatment, and the role of surgery.Guest: Dr. A M Thirugnanam, MD, MSICP, FSCAI, Ph.D., Senior Interventional Cardiologist, author, educator and founder of the Academy of Elite Doctors.Host: Alexander WoodCardiology Course FM is the station for doctors, students, nurses and everyone who looks after the heart.Learn more:• Cardiology books: https://cardiologybooks.com• Mentorship with the Academy of Elite Doctors: https://academyofelitedoctors.com• Online cardiology courses: https://cardiologycourse.com• World Elite Doctors: https://worldelitedoctors.comFor medical education only. This episode is not a substitute for individual medical advice.