Surgery Shelf Prep!

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis 16.04.2026 9хв

Primary sclerosing cholangitis can look quiet at first, but it carries major shelf-level consequences. If you see a young man with cholestatic labs, pruritus, and ulcerative colitis, this is the diagnosis you need to catch.In this episode of Surgery Shelf Prep, we break down the classic presentation of primary sclerosing cholangitis, why Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography is the key test, and how to separate it from primary biliary cholangitis, autoimmune hepatitis, and other causes of jaundice. We also cover the highest-yield complications, including ascending cholangitis, cholangiocarcinoma, cirrhosis, fat-soluble vitamin deficiency, and the increased colon cancer risk seen with inflammatory bowel disease.This is a must-know hepatobiliary topic for the surgery shelf. Tune in and lock in the beads-on-a-string pattern, the ulcerative colitis association, and the management pathway from supportive care to liver transplant

Liver Abscess 14.04.2026 9хв

Pyogenic liver abscess can look subtle at first, but on the shelf it is a big-time diagnosis. Fever, right upper quadrant pain, leukocytosis, and a rim-enhancing liver lesion should make you think fast.In this episode of Surgery Shelf Prep, we break down pyogenic liver abscess in a clear, high-yield way. You will learn the classic presentation, the major routes of infection to the liver, the most important organisms, how to separate pyogenic abscess from amebic liver abscess, and when management requires antibiotics alone versus percutaneous drainage.We also cover: How biliary disease, portal spread, and bacteremia lead to liver abscess Why diabetes is a major risk factor What imaging findings matter most The best antibiotic combinations to know for the shelf The key complications, including rupture, empyema, sepsis, and the colorectal cancer associationPerfect for medical students preparing for the Surgery Shelf and anyone who wants a clean, organized review of this high-yield hepatobiliary topic.Hit play and lock in one of the most testable liver infections in surgery.

Liver Function Tests 12.04.2026 10хв

Abnormal liver function tests can feel like a mess—until you learn the pattern. In this episode of Surgery Shelf Prep, we break down how to approach elevated liver labs the way the shelf wants: fast, organized, and high-yield.Chris and Mars walk through the three major liver injury patterns: cholestatic, hepatocellular, and mixed. You’ll learn how to use the lab pattern to narrow the differential, when to order a Right upper quadrant ultrasound first, how to spot dangerous causes like ascending cholangitis or acute liver failure, and how to avoid common traps like isolated bilirubin or isolated aspartate aminotransferase elevation.We cover: How to classify abnormal liver tests quickly When alkaline phosphatase points to obstruction Why gamma glutamyl transpeptidase helps confirm liver origin The meaning of the aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase ratio When massive transaminase elevation suggests ischemia or drug toxicity How albumin and international normalized ratio reflect liver synthetic functionPerfect for medical students who want a clean, testable framework for liver questions on the Surgery Shelf Exam.Listen in and learn how to turn confusing liver labs into easy shelf points.

Complications of Cirrhosis 10.04.2026 8хв

Complications of cirrhosis can show up in a lot of different shelf-style ways, and this episode helps you organize them fast. In this high-yield review, Chris and Mars walk through the major complications every medical student needs to know: ascites, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, esophageal varices, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, and hepatocellular carcinoma.They break down the classic presentations, the core pathophysiology, and the next-step management that shows up on exam questions, including paracentesis, ascitic neutrophil thresholds, octreotide, lactulose, rifaximin, TIPS, and liver cancer surveillance. Perfect for a quick but focused Surgery Shelf review.

Cirrhosis 08.04.2026 10хв

Cirrhosis can look slow and chronic on the surface, but on shelf questions it shows up with big consequences fast. If you do not recognize the clues behind ascites, varices, encephalopathy, and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, this topic can absolutely trip you up.In this episode of Surgery Shelf Prep, Chris and Mars break down cirrhosis in a clear, high-yield way for the surgery shelf exam. They walk through the classic presentation, the pathophysiology behind portal hypertension and liver failure, and the major complications you need to know cold, including ascites, esophageal varices, hepatic encephalopathy, and hepatorenal syndrome.You will learn how to approach diagnosis, when to perform paracentesis, how to interpret a high serum ascites albumin gradient, and why the spironolactone to furosemide ratio matters. They also cover screening for hepatocellular carcinoma, the role of lactulose, beta blockers, and T I P S, and when liver transplant becomes the definitive answer.Perfect for medical students who want a structured, test-focused review that makes cirrhosis feel manageable, logical, and high yield. Keep studying and get ready to lock this one in.

GERD 06.04.2026 10хв

GERD is one of those shelf topics that seems simple, but the exam loves to test the complications, alarm symptoms, and when surgery becomes the answer.In this episode of Surgery Shelf Prep!, Chris and Mars break down the classic presentation of gastroesophageal reflux disease, including heartburn, regurgitation, and symptoms that get worse at night or when lying down. They walk through the pathophysiology of lower esophageal sphincter dysfunction, the stepwise treatment approach from antacids to proton pump inhibitors, and the high-yield indications for endoscopy.You will also review major complications like esophagitis, peptic stricture, Barrett esophagus, and esophageal adenocarcinoma, plus the key shelf differentials such as achalasia, eosinophilic esophagitis, pill esophagitis, and cardiac chest pain.Perfect for medical students who want a fast, organized, high-yield review of GERD for the Surgery Shelf Exam.

Inguinal Hernias 05.04.2026 10хв

Groin bulge on the shelf? Don’t get trapped by the anatomy. In this episode of Surgery Shelf Prep!, Chris and Mars break down inguinal hernias in a fast, high-yield way that helps you separate indirect from direct, recognize the classic exam clues, and know when a hernia becomes an emergency.You’ll learn how to use the inguinal ligament and inferior epigastric vessels to classify hernias, why indirect hernias can track into the scrotum, how direct hernias push through Hesselbach triangle, and which findings suggest incarceration or strangulation. This episode also reviews the key differential diagnoses, when imaging helps, and the management pathway from watchful waiting to urgent surgery.Perfect for medical students who want a clean, shelf-focused review of one of the most tested surgery topics.

Hiatal Hernias 04.04.2026 9хв

Hiatal hernias are a classic Surgery Shelf topic because the exam loves the distinction between sliding and paraesophageal hernias. In this episode, Chris and Mars break down the anatomy, the classic symptom patterns, and the key test-taking question: who has reflux and who needs surgery.They cover the high-yield differences between sliding hiatal hernias, which are common and usually cause GERD symptoms, and paraesophageal hernias, which are less common but more dangerous because of risks like volvulus, incarceration, strangulation, bleeding, and respiratory compromise. The episode also reviews diagnosis with barium swallow and endoscopy, plus when to manage medically versus when surgical repair is required.

Achalasia 03.04.2026 8хв

Achalasia can be tricky, and it is absolutely fair game for the Surgery Shelf. In this episode of Surgery Shelf Prep!, Chris and Mars break down the classic presentation of progressive dysphagia to both solids and liquids, regurgitation of undigested food, chest pain, and weight loss. They walk through the key pathophysiology of failed lower esophageal sphincter relaxation and loss of distal esophageal peristalsis, then connect it to the classic bird-beak finding on barium swallow and the gold-standard diagnosis with esophageal manometry.The episode also covers the high-yield management pathway, including pneumatic dilation, Heller myotomy, POEM, and when to use botulinum toxin or medical therapy in poor surgical candidates. Chris and Mars also highlight the must-know differentials, including pseudoachalasia from malignancy, diffuse esophageal spasm, Zenker diverticulum, eosinophilic esophagitis, and scleroderma.If you want a focused, shelf-ready review of one of the esophagus’s favorite board topics, this episode is a great one to lock in.

Esophageal Perforation 02.04.2026 7хв

In this episode of Surgery Shelf Prep, Chris and Mars break down esophageal perforation, a rare but life-threatening emergency classically seen after forceful vomiting or esophageal instrumentation. They review the classic presentation of sudden severe chest pain, dyspnea, and subcutaneous emphysema, explain why mediastinal contamination can rapidly lead to sepsis, and walk through the high-yield diagnosis with CT or esophagography showing contrast extravasation. The episode also covers urgent management with NPO status, IV broad-spectrum antibiotics, IV proton pump inhibitor, and emergent surgical consultation, plus key differentials like Mallory-Weiss tear, myocardial infarction, aortic dissection, and pneumothorax. Perfect for shelf review and rapid recognition of this surgical emergency.

Pancreatic Cancer 01.04.2026 9хв

Pancreatic cancer can look subtle at first, but on the shelf it is a major diagnosis you cannot miss. Painless jaundice, weight loss, dark urine, pale stools, back pain, and Trousseau syndrome should all make you think pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma fast.In this episode of Surgery Shelf Prep, Chris and Mars walk through the classic presentations of pancreatic head versus body and tail tumors, the key risk factors, and the high-yield diagnostic workup. They break down when to start with ultrasound, when computed tomography is the better next step, why carbohydrate antigen 19-9 is not a screening test, and how to think through resectable versus unresectable disease.You will learn the difference between Whipple candidates and patients who need palliative treatment, plus the smart shelf distractors that can mimic pancreatic cancer, including cholangitis, chronic pancreatitis, and peptic ulcer disease.Perfect for medical students who want a fast, organized review of one of the highest-yield hepatopancreaticobiliary topics for the surgery shelf.

Peptic Ulcer Disease 31.03.2026 10хв

Burning epigastric pain, meal-related symptoms, and sudden complications like bleeding or perforation make peptic ulcer disease a classic Surgery Shelf topic.In this episode, Chris and Mars break down the two major causes, Helicobacter pylori and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, then walk through the key differences between gastric and duodenal ulcers, how to diagnose them, and when to use endoscopy.They also cover the high-yield complications you cannot miss, including bleeding, perforation, gastric outlet obstruction, and malignancy risk, plus the core treatment plan with proton pump inhibitors and bismuth quadruple therapy.

Pancreatitis 30.03.2026 10хв

Pancreatitis is a classic Surgery Shelf topic because the exam loves the presentation, the diagnosis criteria, and the management steps. In this episode, Chris and Mars break down acute versus chronic pancreatitis, the major causes like gallstones, alcohol, and hypertriglyceridemia, and the key diagnostic rule of needing two of three criteria for acute pancreatitis.They also cover the high-yield treatment plan, including aggressive Lactated Ringer resuscitation, pain control, when to feed patients, when ERCP is actually indicated in gallstone pancreatitis, and the complications you cannot miss, like necrotizing pancreatitis, pseudocysts, organ failure, steatorrhea, and pancreatogenic diabetes.

Gastrointestinal Bleeding 29.03.2026 10хв

Gastrointestinal bleeding is a must-know Surgery Shelf topic because the first step is always the same: decide if it is an upper bleed or a lower bleed, then determine how sick the patient is. In this episode, Chris and Mars break down the classic presentations of hematemesis, melena, and hematochezia, then walk through the most important causes like peptic ulcer disease, varices, diverticulosis, angiodysplasia, hemorrhoids, and anal fissures.They also cover the high-yield workup and management, including initial stabilization, when to use upper endoscopy versus colonoscopy, when computed tomography angiography is the right next step, and the key medications for upper gastrointestinal bleeding such as proton pump inhibitors, octreotide, and antibiotics in cirrhotic patients. This is a fast, shelf-focused review built to help you quickly recognize the source of bleeding and choose the correct next step.

Small Bowel Obstruction 28.03.2026 6хв

Crampy abdominal pain, vomiting, abdominal distension, and obstipation? That is classic Small Bowel Obstruction, and this is one of the most high-yield Surgery Shelf topics because the exam loves to test both recognition and urgency. In this episode, Chris and Mars walk through the textbook presentation, the most common causes like adhesions and hernias, and the key pathophysiology behind bowel dilation, third-spacing, ischemia, necrosis, and perforation.They also break down the diagnosis step by step, including abdominal X ray findings, why computed tomography is the best test, and how to distinguish Small Bowel Obstruction from ileus. On the management side, the episode covers bowel rest, nasogastric decompression, intravenous fluids, electrolyte replacement, and the major red flags that mean the patient needs urgent surgery, including closed-loop obstruction, strangulation, ischemia, perforation, and peritonitis.This is a tight, shelf-focused review built to help you recognize Small Bowel Obstruction quickly and know exactly when conservative management is appropriate versus when it is time for the operating room.

Rectal Prolapse 03.02.2026 7хв

Rectal prolapse looks obvious… until the shelf exam tries to trick you with hemorrhoids, mucosal prolapse, and the wrong operation.In this episode of Surgery Shelf Prep, Chris and Mars break down rectal prolapse step-by-step: how to identify it fast using concentric versus radial folds, why adults need colonoscopy to rule out a lead point malignancy, and how to choose the right surgery based on patient frailty. We also hit emergency management of an incarcerated prolapse, plus high-yield procedures like abdominal rectopexy, Altemeier, and Delorme. Perfect for med students who want clean algorithms and fewer missed questions.

Hemorrhoids 02.02.2026 6хв

Hemorrhoids are common and easy points—but they’re a high-yield shelf exam trap, especially when the question is really testing anatomy, rectal bleeding workup, and when to escalate treatment.In this episode of Surgery Shelf Prep, Chris and Mars break down internal versus external hemorrhoids using the dentate line, the classic “painless dripper” versus “painful blueberry” presentations, and the stepwise management from fiber and sitz baths to rubber band ligation and excisional hemorrhoidectomy. We also cover the seventy-two-hour rule for thrombosed external hemorrhoids, when rectal bleeding needs colonoscopy, and the key distractors like rectal varices and Crohn’s disease.

Anal Cancer 01.02.2026 6хв

Anal cancer is the classic “hemorrhoids” misdirection—and the shelf loves it. If you miss the risk factors, the lymph node drainage, or the treatment algorithm, you’ll bleed points fast.In this episode of Surgery Shelf Prep, Chris and Mars break down the high-yield presentation, key risk factors like Human Papillomavirus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus, why the dentate line predicts inguinal node spread, and the must-know management pearl: first-line treatment is combined chemoradiation, not surgery. We also cover staging imaging, when salvage abdominoperineal resection is indicated, and the common distractors that try to trick you on exam day.

Anorectal Abscess 31.01.2026 8хв

Anorectal pain with fever is a surgery shelf trap you can’t afford to miss. If the skin looks normal but the digital rectal exam is exquisitely tender, think deep abscess—then move fast.In this episode of Surgery Shelf Prep, Chris and Mars break down perianal versus perirectal abscesses, the cryptoglandular origin at the dentate line, when imaging is actually needed, and the non-negotiable management rule: pus must be drained. We also cover who needs antibiotics, how fistula-in-ano shows up after drainage, and the key distractors that love to steal points on exams.

Ogilvie Syndrome 31.01.2026 5хв

Ogilvie Syndrome can fool you: the colon looks obstructed, the belly is huge, but there’s no mechanical blockage. In this episode of Surgery Shelf Prep, Chris and Mars break down Acute Colonic Pseudo-Obstruction with the exact shelf-style framework you need—classic patient scenarios, key imaging findings, critical cecal diameter cutoffs, and the stepwise treatment algorithm from conservative management to neostigmine, colonoscopic decompression, and when to rush to surgery. We also cover the most testable traps, including how to quickly distinguish Ogilvie from ileus, sigmoid volvulus, and toxic megacolon.